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A novel 3-acetoxy-2-methyl-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzamide: Molecular structural describe, antioxidant activity with use X-ray diffractions and DFT calculations
(Elsevier, 2015) Demir, Sibel; Cakmak, Sukriye; Dege, Necmi; Kutuk, Halil; Odabasoglu, Mustafa; Kepekci, R. Aysun
In this work, the structure of a novel 3-acetoxy-2-methyl-N-(4-methoxyphenyl) benzamide, was analyzed both experimentally and theoretically using three methods, X-ray single crystal diffraction technique, IR spectroscopy, and quantum chemical computation. The X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that 3-acetoxy-2-methyl-N-(4-methoxyphenyl) benzamide molecula crystallizes in a triclinic system (space group P-1) and the calculated lattice constants are, a = 5.1205 +/- 0.0004 angstrom, b = 9.8598 +/- 0.0008 A, c = 15.3398 +/- 0.0013 angstrom, alpha = 80.79(7), beta = 83.142(6)degrees, gamma = 85.411(6)degrees, and Z = 2. In addition, the molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies of the title compound in ground state have been calculated using density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP level 6-31G+(d,p) basis set. The geometrical parameters of the title compound obtained from XRD studies are good in agreement with the calculated values. The electronic properties, such as HOMO and LUMO energies and thermodynamic properties were calculated with DFT (using B3LYP/6-31G+(d,p) basis set) approach. To estimate the chemical reactivity of the molecule, the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface map of the title molecule and PES scan were investigated with theoretical calculations at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) and B3LYP/3-21G levels, respectively. Antioxidant properties are determined using DPPH free radical scavenging test. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Crystal Structure and Quantum Mechanical Calculations of (E)-4-methoxy-2-[(o-tolylimino)methyl] phenol.
(Int Union Crystallography, 2009) Ozek, Arzu; Buyukgungor, Orhan; Albayrak, Cigdem; Odabasoglu, Mustafa
[No abstract available]
Crystal Structure of (E)-3-[(4-Ethylphenylimino)methyl]benzene-1,2-diol and (E)-3-[( 4-Butylphenyl imino)methyl]benzene-1,2-diol.
(Int Union Crystallography, 2009) Kelesoglu, Zeynep; Kosar, Basak; Albayrak, Cigdem; Odabasoglu, Mustafa; Buyukgungor, Orhan
[No abstract available]
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE, SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION, MOLECULAR MODELING STUDIES AND STRUCTURAL EFFECTS OF THE PROTON TRANSFER PROCESS FOR (E)-5-METHOXY-2-[(3,4-DIMETHYLPHENYLIMINO)METHYL]PHENOL
(Soc Chemists Technologists Madeconia, 2017) Kirca, Basak Kosar; Tari, Gonca Ozdemir; Kastas, Cigdem Albayrak; Odabasoglu, Mustafa; Buyukgungor, Orhan
The main purpose of this study is to characterize a new organic material, (E)-5-methoxy-2-[(3,4-dimethylphenylimino) methyl] phenol, which was synthesized and grown as a single crystal. The molecular structure and spectroscopic properties of the ortho-hydroxy Schiff base compound were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques, experimentally and computationally with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. X-ray and UV-Vis studies show that the compound exists in an OH tautomeric form in the solid and solvent media. The gas phase geometry optimizations of two possible forms of the title compound, resulting from the prototropic tautomerism, were obtained using DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311G+(d,p) level of theory. A relaxed potential energy surface (PES) scan was performed based on the optimized geometry of the OH tautomeric form by varying the redundant internal coordinate, the O-H bond distance. According to the PES scan process, the molecular geometry is strongly affected by the intramolecular proton transfer. The calculated first hyperpolarizability indicates that the compound could be a good material for non-linear optical applications.
(E)-1-[4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylideneamino)phenyl]ethanone and (E)-1-[4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylideneamino)phenyl]ethanone: X-ray and DFT-calculated structures
(Elsevier, 2011) Sahin, Onur; Buyukgungor, Orhan; Albayrak, Cigdem; Odabasoglu, Mustafa
The isomeric structures of (E)-1-[4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylideneamino)phenyl] ethanone (I) and (E)-1-[4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylideneamino)phenyl]ethanone (II), both C16H15NO3, have been determined using X-ray diffraction techniques and characterized by IR, and their molecular structures have also been optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level using density functional theory (DFT). The energetic behaviors of the title compounds in solvent media have been examined using B3LYP method with the 6-31G(d,p) basis set by applying the polarizable continuum model (PCM). The total energies of the title compounds decrease with the increasing polarity of the solvent. In addition, DFT calculations of the title compounds' molecular electrostatic potentials (MEP) were performed at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. X-ray study shows that the title compounds both have strong intramolecular O-H center dot center dot center dot N hydrogen bonds. The molecules of! are linked into a one-dimensional framework structure by C-H center dot center dot center dot pi interactions, while in II, intermolecular pi center dot center dot center dot pi interactions result in the formation of infinite chains running along the [010].
(E)-2-[(4-Chlorophenyl)iminomethyl]-5-methoxyphenol and (E)-2-[(2-chlorophenyl)iminomethyl]-5-methoxyphenol: X-ray and DFT-calculated structures
(Int Union Crystallography, 2009) Kosar, Basak; Albayrak, Cigdem; Odabasoglu, Mustafa; Buyukgungor, Orhan
The crystal structures of the title 4-chlorophenyl, (I), and 2-chlorophenyl, (II), compounds, both C14H12ClNO2, have been determined using X-ray diffraction techniques and the molecular structures have also been optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d, p) level using density functional theory (DFT). The X-ray study shows that the title compounds both have strong intramolecular O-H center dot center dot center dot N hydrogen bonds and that the crystal networks are primarily determined by weak C-H center dot center dot center dot pi and van der Waals interactions. The strong intramolecular O-H center dot center dot center dot N hydrogen bond is evidence of the preference for the phenol-imine tautomeric form in the solid state. The IR spectra of the compounds were recorded experimentally and also calculated for comparison. The results from both the experiment and theoretical calculations are compared in this study.
Existence of a resonance hybrid structure as a result of proton tautomerism in (±)-(E)-4-Bromo-2-[(2,3-dihydroxypropylimino)methyl]phenol racemate
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2014) Albayrak, Cigdem; Kastas, Gokhan; Odabasoglu, Mustafa; Buyukgungor, Orhan
o-Hydroxy Schiff bases have two tautomers known as phenol-imine and keto-amine forms. In the present work, the tautomerism in (E)-4-Bromo-2-[(2,3-dihydroxypropylimino)methyl]phenol compound has been investigated by experimental (XRD, FT-IR and UV-vis) and computational (DFT and TD-DFT) methods. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) study reveals that the title compound favors a resonance hybrid structure of phenol-imine and keto-amine forms in the solid state rather than having these forms separately or jointly. Experimental UV-vis study of proton transfer process in solvent media (Benzene, DMSO and EtOH) shows the preference of phenol-imine form in benzene while both phenol-imine and keto-amine characteristics are present in EtOH and DMSO. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Hexakis(4-phormylphenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene: X-ray and DFT-calculated structures
(Maik Nauka/Interperiodica/Springer, 2010) Albayrak, Cigdem; Kosar, Basak; Odabasoglu, Mustafa; Buyukgungor, Orhan
The crystal structure of hexakis(4-phormylphenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene is determined by using X-ray diffraction and then the molecular structure is investigated with density functional theory (DFT). X-Ray study shows that the title compound has C-HaEuro broken vertical bar pi interaction with phosphazene ring. The molecules in the unit cell are packed with Van der Waals and dipole-dipole interactions and the molecules are packed in zigzag shaped. Optimized molecular geometry is calculated with DFT at B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level. The results from both experimental and theoretical calculations are compared in this study.
Molecular structure of (Z)-6-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenylamino) methylene]-3-(diethylamino)cyclohexa-2,4-dienone: A combined experimental and theoretical study
(Elsevier, 2011) Kosar, Basak; Albayrak, Cigdem; Odabasoglu, Mustafa; Buyukgungor, Orhan
The crystal structure and spectroscopic properties of ortho-hydroxy Schiff base compound (Z)-6-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenylamino)methylene]-3-(diethylamino)cyclohexa-2,4-dienone were determined by X-ray diffraction, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques. Molecules of the compound exist as NH tautomeric form in solid state. The gas phase geometry optimizations of two possible tautomeric forms of the title compound were achieved using OFT calculations at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. In order to describe the potential energy barrier belonging to the intramolecular proton transfer and to observe the effects of transfer on the molecular geometry, a relaxed potential energy surface (PES) scan was performed based on the optimized geometry of the NH tautomeric form by varying the redundant internal coordinate, N-H bond distance. At the same level of theory, the vibrational frequencies were calculated and compared with the experimental frequencies. The electronic absorption spectra of the tautomers were calculated using time-dependent density functional theory (TO-OFT) method started from solution phase optimized geometries and compared with the experimental ones. Crown Copyright (c) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Molecular structure, spectroscopic investigations, second-order nonlinear optical properties and intramolecular proton transfer of (E)-5-(diethylamino)-2-[(4-propylphenylimino)methyl]phenol: A combined experimental and theoretical study
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2012) Kosar, Basak; Albayrak, Cigdem; Ersanli, Cem Cuneyt; Odabasoglu, Mustafa; Buyukgungor, Orhan
This work presents a combined experimental and theoretical study on an ortho-hydroxy Schiff base compound, (E)-5-(diethylamino)-2-[(4-propylphenylimino)methyl]phenol. The crystal structure and spectroscopic properties of the compound have been determined by using X-ray diffraction, IR and UV-vis spectroscopy techniques. The electronic structure, vibrational frequencies and electronic absorption spectra have been investigated from the calculative point of view. A relaxed potential energy surface scan has been performed based on the optimized geometry of OH tautomeric form to describe the potential energy barrier belonging to intramolecular proton transfer and to observe the effects of transfer on the molecular geometry. The second-order nonlinear optical properties have been investigated based on the first static hyperpolarizability (beta) by using the density functional theory. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Probing the compound (E)-2-[(4-bromophenylimino)methyl]-6-ethoxyphenol mainly from the point of tautomerism in solvent media and the solid state by experimental and computational methods
(Elsevier, 2011) Albayrak, Cigdem; Kastas, Gokhan; Odabasoglu, Mustafa; Buyukgungor, Orhan
In this study, (E)-2-[(4-bromophenylimino)methyl]-6-ethoxyphenol compound was investigated by mainly focusing on stacking interactions assembling the supramolecular network of the compound and on tautomerism in solvent media and in the solid state. In doing so. the molecular structure and spectroscopic properties of (E)-2-[(4-bromophenylimino)methyl]-6-ethoxyphenol were experimentally characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR. NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopic techniques and computationally by DFT method. The X-ray diffraction and FT-IR analyses of the title compound reveal the existence of enol form in the solid state. The non-covalent C-H center dot center dot center dot pi and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding interactions assemble the supramolecular structure of the title compound by forming 4-connected (4,4)-net in Wells nomenclature. The dependence of tautomerism on solvent types was studied on the basis of UV/Vis spectra recorded in different organic solvents. The results showed that the title compound exists in enol form in all solvents. Computational investigation of enol-keto tautomerism was carried out at B3LYP (6-311G(d,p)) level for both enol and keto forms. The results obtained for enol form are more compatible to the experimental results than those of keto form. TD-DFT calculations carried out in both gas and solution phases indicate that the title compound adopt only enol form in solution. The enol-keto tautomerism was also investigated by evaluating the changes in thermodynamic properties (heat capacity, entropy, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy) with varying temperatures, showing that the formation of tautomerism in the title compound is non-spontaneous between 100 and 500 K and that the title compound must exist in enol form. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Probing the compound (E)-5-(diethylamino)-2-[(4-methylphenylimino)methyl]phenol mainly from the point of tautomerism in solvent media and the solid state by experimental and computational methods
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2011) Albayrak, Cigdem; Kastas, Gokhan; Odabasoglu, Mustafa; Frank, Rene
In this study, the molecular structure and spectroscopic properties of (E)-5-(diethylamino)-2-[(4-methylphenylimino)methyl]phenol were characterized experimentally by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopic techniques and computationally by DFT method. It is concluded on the basis of X-ray diffraction and FT-IR analyses that the title compound exists in enol form in the solid state. UV-vis spectra of the title compound were recorded in different organic solvents to investigate the dependence of tautomerism on solvent types. The tautomerism-solvent relation was also studied by computational methods to have more insight on structural properties. The geometry optimization of the title compound in gas phase was performed by using DFT (B3LYP) method with 6-311G(d,p) basis set. The geometry optimizations in solvent media were carried out at the same theory level by the polarizable continuum model (PCM). In the calculation of excitation energies, TD-DFT calculations were carried out in both gas and solution phases. The computational investigation of non-linear optical properties indicates that the title compound has a good second order nonlinear optical property. The thermodynamic properties were obtained in the range of 100-500 K. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Single stranded helical chains of C-H•••π interactions further connected by halogen-halogen interactions of type I to construct supramolecular structure of (E)-5-(diethylamino)-2-[(4-iodophenylimino)methyl]phenol compound
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2012) Kastas, Gokhan; Albayrak, Cigdem; Odabasoglu, Mustafa; Frank, Rene
In this study, (E)-5-(diethylamino)-2-[(4-iodophenylimino)methyl]phenol compound was investigated from the point of stacking interactions assembling the supramolecular network, conformational isomerism and tautomerism. For this purpose, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and UV/Vis spectroscopic techniques were used, giving the following structural and spectroscopic properties of the compound: The title compound has two conformers (anti and eclipsed) in the crystal structure resulting from rotation about C-N single bond of ethyl group. Both conformers prefer enol form in the solid state, adopting E configuration about the C=N double bond. The supramolecular architecture of the compound is constructed by two non-covalent interactions as C-H center dot center dot center dot pi and halogen-halogen interactions. The repetition of C-H center dot center dot center dot pi interactions is resulted in a single-stranded helical structure. The helical structures are further connected by C-I center dot center dot center dot I-C interactions of Type I to construct the two dimensional supramolecular network defined as (6,3)-net in Wells nomenclature. The title compound adopts both enol and keto forms in EtOH (a polar and protic solvent) while enol form is preferred in the solid state. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Spectroscopic Properties and Preparation of Some 2,3-Dimethoxybenzamide Derivatives
(Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2016) Cakmak, Sukriye; Kutuk, Halil; Odabasoglu, Mustafa; Yakan, Hasan; Buyukgungor, Orhan
In this study, a series of substituted secondary amide compounds were synthesized starting from 2,3-dimethoxybenzoic acid and aniline derivatives. The structures of these synthesized compounds were determined using IR, H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis techniques. Background: Amides are important groups in organic compounds. Amides moieties are found in many natural products. We now report a complementary study of the amide derivatives and the structures of these synthesized compounds were determined using IR, H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR spectroscopy, X- ray diffraction and elemental analysis techniques. Methods: Substituted secondary amides were prepared from the corresponding 2,3-dimethoxybenzoic acid. This involved reaction of 2,3-dimethoxybenzoyl chloride with the appropriate aniline derivatives in the presence of THF to give substituted secondary amides. Results: A summary of crystallographic data, experimental details, and refinement results for compounds are given. Conclusion: In this study a simple, yet effective method was used for the synthesis of some benzamides from acyl chlorides with aniline and its derivatives in the presence of triethylamine. All the products were obtained with moderate-good yields.
Survey of conformational isomerism in (E)-2-[(4-bromophenolimino)methyl]-5-(diethylamino)phenol compound from structural and thermochemical points of view
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2012) Albayrak, Cigdem; Kastas, Gokhan; Odabasoglu, Mustafa; Frank, Rene
In this study, (E)-2[(4-bromophenylimino)methyl]-5-(diethylamino)phenol compound was investigated by mainly focusing on conformational isomerism. For this purpose, molecular structure and spectroscopic properties of the compound were experimentally characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques, and computationally by DFT method. The X-ray diffraction analysis of the compound shows the formation of two conformers (anti and eclipsed) related to the ethyl groups of the compound. The two conformers are connected to each other by non-covalent C-H center dot center dot center dot Br and C-H center dot center dot center dot pi interactions. The combination of these interactions is resulted in fused R-2(2)(10) and R-2(4)(20) synthons which are responsible for the tape structure of crystal packing arrangement. The X-ray diffraction and FT-IR analyses also reveal the existence of enol form in the solid state. From thermochemical point of view, the computational investigation of isomerism includes three studies: the calculation of (a) the rate constants for transmission from anti or eclipsed conformations to transition state by using Eyring equation, (b) the activation energy needed for isomerism by using Arrhenius equation, (c) the equilibrium constant from anti conformer to eclipsed conformer by using the equation including the change in Gibbs free energy. The dependence of tautomerism on solvent types was studied on the basis of UV-Vis spectra recorded in different organic solvents. The results showed that the compound exists in enol form in all solvents except ethyl alcohol. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Synthesis and characterization of 3-acetoxy-2-methyl-N-(phenyl) benzamide and 3-acetoxy-2-methyl-N-(4-methylphenyl)benzamide
(Elsevier, 2018) Kirca, Basak Kosar; Cakmak, Sukriye; Kutuk, Halil; Odabasoglu, Mustafa; Buyukgungor, Orhan
This study treats about two successfully synthesized secondary amide compounds 3-Acetoxy-2-methyl-N-(phenyl)benzamide, I and 3-Acetoxy-2-methyl-N-(4-methylphenyl)benzamide, II. Compounds were characterized by FTIR, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR and X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis techniques. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses show that while I crystallized in the orthorhombic system with space group Pbca, II crystallized in the triclinic system with space group P-1 and the asymmetric unit of II consists of two crystallographically independent molecules. Lattice constants are a = 7.9713 (3) angstrom, b= 9.5059 (3) angstrom, c = 37.1762 (2) angstrom, z = 8 for I and a = 7.5579 (8) angstrom, b = 8.8601 (8) angstrom, c = 23.363 (3) angstrom, alpha = 97.011 (9), beta = 96.932 (9), gamma = 90.051 (8), Z = 4 for II. Crystallographic studies also show that the supramolecular structures were stabilized by intramolecular, intermolecular hydrogen bonds and C-H center dot center dot center dot pi interactions for both compounds. Characteristic amide bonds were observed in IR and NMR spectra. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopic features and Hirshfeld surfaces of 2-methyl-3-[(2-methylphenyl)carbamoyl]phenyl acetate
(Int Union Crystallography, 2019) Yaman, Mavise; Cakmak, Sukriye; Dege, Necmi; Odabasoglu, Mustafa; Pavlenko, Vadim A.; Kutuk, Halil
The title compound, C17H17NO3, was synthesized, characterized by IR spectroscopy and its crystal structure was determined from single-crystal diffraction data. The asymmetric unit contains two molecules, which adopt different conformations. In one molecule, the acetoxy and the terminal 2-methylphenyl groups are positioned on opposite sides of the plane formed by the central benzene ring, whereas in the other molecule they lie on the same side of this plane. In the crystal, the molecules are linked through strong N-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds into chains along [010]. Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint plots were used to investigate the intermolecular interactions in the solid state.
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations and quantum chemical computational studies of (Z)-4-[(E)-(4-fluorophenyl)diazenyl]-6-[(3-hydroxypropylamino)methylene]-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dienone
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2012) Albayrak, Cigdem; Odabasoglu, Mustafa; Ozek, Arzu; Buyukgungor, Orhan
In this study, the molecular structure and spectroscopic properties of the title compound were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopies. These properties were also investigated using OFT method. The most convenient conformation of title compound was firstly determined. The geometry optimizations in gas phase and solvent media were performed by DFT methods with B3LYP adding 6-31G(d) basis set. The differences between crystal and computational structures are due to crystal packing in which hydrogen bonds play an important role. UV-vis spectra were recorded in different organic solvents. The results show that title compound exists in both keto and enol forms in DMSO. EtOH but it tends to shift towards enol form in benzene. The polar solvents facilitate the proton transfer by decreasing the activation energy needed for Transition State. The formation of both keto and enol forms in DMSO and EtOH is due to decrease in the activation energy. TD-DFT calculations starting from optimized geometry were carried out in both gas and solution phases to calculate excitation energies of the title compound. The non-linear optical properties were computed at the theory level and the title compound showed a good second order non-linear optical property. In addition, thermodynamic properties were obtained in the range of 100-500K. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations and quantum chemical computational studies of (Z)-4-[(E)-p-tolyldiazenyl]-6-[(2-hydroxyphenylamino)methylene]-2-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dienone
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2012) Odabasoglu, Mustafa; Albayrak, Cigdem; Kosar, Basak; Buyukgungor, Orhan
In this study, the molecular structure and spectroscopic properties of title compound were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopies. These properties of title compound were also investigated from calculative point of view. The X-ray diffraction and FT-IR analyses reveal the existence of keto form in the solid state. UV-vis spectra were recorded in different organic solvents. The results show that title compound exists in both keto and enol forms in DMSO, EtOH but it exists in enol form in benzene. In addition, the title compound in DMSO showed new absorption band at 436 nm due to the high ionizing effect of this solvent. The geometry optimization of title compound in gas phase was performed using DFT method with B3LYP applying 6-311G(d,p) basis set. TD-DFT calculations starting from optimized geometry were carried out in gas phase to calculate excitation energies of title compound. The nonlinear optical properties were computed with the same level of theory and title compound showed a good second order nonlinear optical property. In addition, thermodynamic properties were obtained in the range of 100-500K. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Synthesis, spectroscopic, and molecular structure characterizations of some azo derivatives of 2-hydroxyacetophenone
(Elsevier, 2009) Albayrak, Cigdem; Gumrukcuoglu, Ismail E.; Odabasoglu, Mustafa; Iskeleli, Nazan Ocak; Agar, Erbil
Some novel azo compounds were prepared by the reaction of 2-hydroxyacetophenone with aniline and its substituted derivatives. The structures of synthesized azo compounds were determined by IR, UV-Vis, H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR spectroscopic techniques and the structures of some of these compounds were also determined by X-ray diffraction studies. Structural analysis using IR in solid state shows that the azo form is favoured in the azo compounds whereas UV-Vis analysis of the azo compounds in solution has shown that there is a azo and ionic form. The azo compounds in the basic solvents dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) are both azo and ionic form while these compounds in ethyl alcohol (EtOH) and chloroform (CHCl3) are only azo form. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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