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Öğe Assessing Employees’ Positive Functioning at Work: Adaptation and Validation of the PERMA + 4 Scales into Turkish(Springer Nature, 2025) Demirci, İbrahim; Keskin, ÖzlemEmployees’ well-being and psychological functioning in the workplace are crucial factors that influence both their productivity in professional life and their overall well-being in personal life. This study aims to adapt the PERMA + 4 Positive Functioning at Work Scales, which comprehensively and multidimensionally assess individuals’ well-being at work, into Turkish and to examine their psychometric properties. As part of the study, the long-form scale with 29 items and the short-form scale with 9 items were translated and adapted into Turkish. The study sample consisted of 297 individuals employed in various occupations. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the long form’s nine-factor (Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, Accomplishment, Health, Mindset, Environment, and Economic Security) and the short form’s unidimensional structure had acceptable levels of model fit. Item response theory-based evaluations of the short form revealed that the items had enough discriminative power, confirming the validity of its unidimensional structure. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability coefficients for both forms of the scale were found to be at acceptable levels. Correlations between the PERMA + 4 Positive Functioning at Work Scales and the PERMA Scale provided evidence of convergent validity. The PERMA + 4 Scales can be applied in scientific studies conducted in Türkiye and could be a useful instrument for figuring out what factors affect employees’ motivation and well-being at work, as well as for organizing and assessing interventions meant to improve workplace well-being and positive functioning. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.Öğe Comparison of Trampoline Gymnastics Athletes' Performance and Normative Data of Tokyo Olympic Games(Ibrahim ERDEMIR, 2024) Keskin, ÖzlemAim: It was aimed to compare the performances of athletes competing in the Trampoline Gymnastics branch at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games and to create normative data. Methods: In the study, the scores obtained by 16 male and 16 female athletes in the final and qualifying competitions were evaluated by using document analysis method, one of the secondary data collection techniques. Mann Whitney U test was used to determine the differences between the difficulty, execution, horizontal displacement, time of flight and total scores. In addition, the competition scores were first converted into Z-scores and then the T-score equivalents were determined, and norms of the data were created by defining qualitative descriptions ranging from extremely poor to excellent for performance ranges.Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the difficulty, execution, time of flight and total scores in the first series of the qualification competition (pÖğe Evaluation and Normative Values of Competition Performances of Aerobic Gymnastics Individual Men Category Athletes(Metin YAMAN, 2024) Keskin, ÖzlemIn this study, it was aimed to determine t-score performance ranges by standardizing the execution, artistic, difficulty and final scores and converting them into z-scores and t-scores, and to establish norm values according to international competition results, to evaluate the performances of athletes competing in the individual men category in aerobic gymnastics. For this purpose, the data of a total of 45 athletes participating in three competitions were evaluated in the study to determine the world ranking in aerobic gymnastics. In the study, the document analysis method, also known as documentary scanning, was used as a secondary data collection technique. It was conducted as a descriptive study with data in a publicly available, raw format. Competition data is obtained from official documents in the results section published on the FIG website. As a result of the evaluations, t-score performance ranges ranging from extremely poor (<20) to excellent (>80) were created. These scores, which are created through standardized scores, are seen as an important determination of the situation in terms of determining both the differences in the individual performance levels of the athletes and the level of the rival athletes and taking training measures for the features that need to be improved by monitoring the performance. In addition, it is envisaged that normative data and the relationships between the data will be guiding for researchers, coaches, and athletes in making detailed evaluations regarding performance development.












