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    Comaprative fatty acid composition of European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) farmed in cages in the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea coasts of Turkey
    (Central Marine Fisheries Research Inst, 2019) Baki, Birol; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Kerim, Murat
    The aim of this study was to analyse the fatty acid composition of European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758), fanned in marine cages in the Aegean Sea and in the Black Sea coasts of Turkey. The study was conducted between June 2014 and September 2015 using the same feed in all the cage farms. Fish samples representing the stock were collected at regular intervals and morphometric measurements were taken in the laboratory. Fatty acid analyses were carried out by gas chromatography. Biochemical composition of harvested European seabass indicated high dry matter and crude fat values in the Black Sea region and high crude protein and crude ash values in the Aegean region. Significant regional differences between fatty acid composition (p<0.05) was observed, despite being fed with the same diets.
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    Determination of Essential Amino Acid Changes Related to the Growth of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2017) Baki, Birol; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Kerim, Murat
    The aim of this study was to determine the changes in essential amino acids related to the growth of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from the first stocking in cages to the harvesting in production areas at the Aegean and the Black Seas. The highest levels of essential amino acids at the beginning of the trial were in lysine, leucine and threonine, while the highest levels of essential amino acids at the end of the trial at both production area were in lysine, leucine, threonine and isoleucine. The total essential amino acid value of 9.47 +/- 0.02 at the beginning of the study exhibited irregular fluctuations between the periods and was 10.45 +/- 0.01 and 9.70 +/- 0.01 at the Aegean and the Black Seas, respectively at the end of the study. In the study, it was determined that there was a reverse relation between the water temperature and the total essential amino acid values in both production areas, and the observed differences in some amino acids were related to the water parameters and the changes in amino acid metabolism due to the growth of the fish.
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    Determination of fatty acid composition in relation to the growth of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) cultured in net cages
    (Bdfish, 2019) Baki, Birol; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Kerim, Murat
    The aim of this study was to determine the composition of fatty acids of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) produced in net cages at a private company in the Aegean Sea. Regular samples were taken over the study period by random sampling for the estimation of fatty acid contents. At the end of the study, the highest mean (+/- SD) fatty acids in fish flesh were recorded as oleic acid (26.46 +/- 0.01%), linoleic acid (20.91 +/- 0.01%) and palmitic acid (15.99 +/- 0.01%). Mean (+/- SD) total saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acid values were determined as 26.17 +/- 0.03%, 32.62 +/- 0.03% and 31.24 +/- 0.01% respectively. The total values of omega-3, omega-6, omega-9, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were 8.73 +/- 0.01 - 14.51 +/- 0.04%, 18.78 +/- 0.03 - 25.26 +/- 0.01%, 27.12 +/- 0.01 30.5 +/- 0.01%, 1.39 +/- 0.01 - 3.52 +/- 0.01% and 4.24 +/- 0.01 - 7.64 +/- 0.01% respectively and all these values varied significantly over time (P < 0.05). Despite having a low crude fat content, the meagre could be a good source of PUFA, in terms of fatty acids.
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    DETERMINATION OF GROWTH AND NUTRIENT COMPOSITION VALUES IN MEAGRE (ARGYROSOMUS REGIUS) AQUACULTURE
    (Health & Environment Assoc, 2018) Baki, Birol; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Kerim, Murat
    The aim of this study was to determine the growth and nutrient composition values of the meagre (Argyrosomus regius) from the cage stocking until the harvest weight. The study was conducted in a private farm operating in the Aegean Sea between 26 September 2015 and 30 November 2016. Fish were taken from the cages according to the random sampling method at specific periods and their growth values were calculated and biochemical analyses were carried out. The initial fish weight 8.22 +/- 0.13 g reached 373.96 +/- 15.65 g at the end of the study. During the study, feed conversion rate was found to be 1.92 +/- 0.19. At the end of the study, carcass yield value was 31.63 +/- 0.82%, crude protein value was 20.10 +/- 0.04% and crude fat value was 3.19 +/- 0.13%. Weight gain, specific growth rate and thermal growth values were found to be higher in the fingerling period of the fish compared to those obtained in the other periods. Also, changes in the seawater temperature had a significant effect on feed consumption and net feed conversion rate. While rapid weight gain is an advantage in meagre fish aquaculture, low carcass yield, low fat ratio, cost of feed, market status and consumer preferences have a negative effect on widespread meagre aquaculture. Increasing the fat content of the meagre and adopting different marketing techniques for meagre fish that will be fed with economical feed suitable to the species requirements will help meagre to find a place in cultured fish market.
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    Effect of Dietary Safflower and Canola Oil on Growth Performance, Body, and Fatty Acid Composition of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2015) Dernekbasi, Seval; Kerim, Murat; Alagil, Fikret
    The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the diets enriched with safflower and canola oil on growth, feed utilization, body composition, liver, and muscle fatty acid composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Rainbow trout having approximate initial weight of 97.03 +/- 0.10 g were fed the experimental diets containing only fish oil (Group 0SFO), safflower oil (50% safflower oil, Group 50SFO and 33% safflower oil, Group 33SFO), and vegetable oil blend (33% safflower and 33% canola oil, Group 66SFCO) for 45 days. Twenty-five fish were randomly assigned for triplicate treatments and offered the test diets two times daily to apparent satiation. At the end of the experiment, survival was 100% in all treatments. No significant differences in the weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio were found between fish fed with the different experimental diets. The highest hepatosomatic index (HIS) and viscerasomatic index (VSI) was obtained in 50SFO and 33SFO groups, respectively. The moisture, protein, lipid, and ash content in the body composition of the fish increased in all experimental groups. The lipid content was not significantly different among the groups (p > 0.05); however, there was a significant difference in ash content between the control and the other groups (p < 0.05). The experimental diets containing vegetable oil (50SFO and 33SFO groups) and vegetable oil blend (66SFCO group) had significantly higher concentrations of n-6 fatty acids, predominantly in the form of linoleic acid (LA). The n-3 fatty acids were present in significantly higher concentration in the control treatment (0SFO). The fatty acid composition of fish fillet and liver were reflective of the dietary lipid source. While the fillet and liver of fish fed the 50SFO diet was high in linoleic acid (18:2 n-6), fish fed the 66SFCO diet had high concentrations of oleic acid (OA; 18:1 n-9). The present study suggests that fish oil can be replaced by up to 50% with safflower oil and by up to 66% with safflower + canola oil blend in rainbow trout diets with no significant effect on growth.
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    Effect of restricted feeding on the growth and body composition of European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758)
    (Central Marine Fisheries Research Inst, 2016) Baki, Birol; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Sariipek, Merve; Kerim, Murat; Eyuboglu, Bora
    The aim of this study was to determine the effects of restricted feeding on the growth and body composition in juvenile European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax, (Linnaeus, 1758). Four different feeding regimes were tested in fishes having average weight of 6.57 +/- 0.09 g. The three treatment groups were fed three times a day adopting three different regimes: 6 days feeding/1 day starvation (6F/1S), 5 days feeding/2 days starvation (5F/2S) and 4 days feeding/3 days starvation (4F/3S) for a period of 60 days. Control group (C) was fed daily three times a day. At the end of the study the average weights were 31.21 +/- 1.39 g (C), 36.47 +/- 1.33 g (6F/1S), 29.01 +/- 1.01 g (5F/2S) and 24.21 +/- 0.82 g (4F/3S) respectively (p<0.05). SGR were 2.54 +/- 0.17 (C), 2.64 +/- 0.20 (6F/1S), 2.37 +/- 0.06 (5F/2S) and 2.10 +/- 0.09 (4F/3S) (p<0.05) and FCR values recorded were 1.29 +/- 0.05 (C), 1.12 +/- 0.01 (6F/1S), 1.21 +/- 0.01 (5F/2S) and 1.24 +/- 0.01 (4F/3S). Crude protein and lipid values in restricted feeding groups were higher than those of the control group (p<0.05) while SFA and MUFA values increased with starvation period while DHA, EPA, PUFA and Omega-3 values decreased with starvation period (p<0.05). Results of the study clearly showed that restricted feeding had effect on the growth parameters, biochemical composition and fatty acid compositions in European seabass.
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    Gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) yeminde aspir küspesinin kullanım olanaklarının araştırılması
    (Sinop Üniversitesi, 2011) Kerim, Murat; Ustaoğlu Tırıl, Serap
    Bu araştırmada, farklı oranlarda (% 10, 15 ve 20) aspir küspesi içeren yemlerin, gökkuşağı alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) büyüme performansı, besin maddelerinin sindirim oranları ve vücut kompozisyonu üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırmada, ortalama ağırlıkları 132.70±0.75 g olan gökkuşağı alabalıkları için, % 0 (Kontrol grubu), % 10 (Aspir 1 grubu), % 15 (Aspir 2 grubu) ve % 20 (Aspir 3 grubu) oranında aspir küspesi içerecek şekilde dört farklı deneme yemi hazırlanmış ve 70 gün boyunca balıklar bu yemlerle doyana kadar yemlenmişlerdir.Deneme sonunda, yemde aspir küspesi kullanımının gökkuşağı alabalıklarında oransal büyüme oranı (OBO, %), spesifik büyüme oranı (SBO, %) ve yem değerlendirme sayısı (YDS) üzerine her hangi bir olumsuz etkisi olmadığı saptanmıştır. En yüksek OBO Aspir 1 grubunda (% 165.82) elde edilmiştir. En yüksek SBO Aspir 1 (% 1.40) ve Aspir 2 (% 1.40) gruplarında elde edilirken, en iyi YDS, Aspir 2 (1.08) ve Aspir 3 (1.08) gruplarında elde edilmiştir.Deneme sonunda, ham protein sindirilme oranları Kontrol, Aspir 1, Aspir 2 ve Aspir 3 gruplarında sırasıyla % 84.25±0.58, % 83.74±0.56, % 83.54±0.77 ve % 85.44±0.28, ham yağ sindirilme oranları % 93.02±0.25, % 94.93±0.62, % 93.14±0.53 ve % 95.05±0.30, toplam sindirilme oranları % 78.49±0.78, % 75.25±0.51, % 74.75±0.63 ve % 76.02±0.49 olarak tespit edilmiştir. İstatistiksel analizler ham protein ve ham yağ sindirilme oranları bakımından gruplar arasındaki farkın önemsiz olduğunu göstermiştir (p>0.05).Bu çalışma; aspir küspesinin, büyüme performansı, besin maddelerinin sindirimi ve vücut kompozisyonu üzerine herhangi bir olumsuz etki yapmaksızın, gökkuşağı alabalığı yeminde % 20 oranına kadar kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.
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    Growth dependent changes in protein efficiency and amino acid composition in cultured meagre Argyrosomus regius
    (Bdfish, 2021) Baki, Birol; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Kerim, Murat
    The goal of this research was to determine the growth dependent changes in protein efficiency and amino acid composition of the cultured meagre Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801). The research was carried in net cages in a private company (Gokce Off-shore Sist.) in the Aegean Sea. Meagre of an initial weight of 8.22 +/- 0.13 g reached to 373.96 +/- 15.65 g in 420 days of production period. Average protein efficiency rate, protein store rate and protein consumption values of cultured meagre were 1.05 +/- 0.11%, 11.49 +/- 2.98% and 56.67 +/- 14.52 g respectively. The total amino acid values varied between 14.97 +/- 0.14 and 18.87 +/- 0.10 g 100g(-1), the statistical difference among the study periods was significant (p < 0.05). Most of the total essential (EAA), non-essential (NEAA), and branched-chain amino acid values of cultured meagre were decreasing with increasing fish size but EAA/NEAA ratios were increasing. The findings of this study showed that the composition of amino acids and the consistency of meagre culture were adequate and appropriate for human consumption and nutrition.
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    Karadeniz alabalığı (Salmo trutta labrax) yeminde kanola ve aspir yağı kullanımının büyüme performansı ve yağ asidi kompozisyonu üzerine etkisi
    (Sinop Üniversitesi, 2017) Kerim, Murat; Ustaoğlu Tırıl, Serap
    Bu çalışmada, Karadeniz alabalığı (Salmo trutta labrax) yeminde balık yağı yerine aspir yağı ve kanola yağı kullanımının büyüme performansı ve yağ asidi kompozisyonu üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Ortalama ağırlığı 30.22±0.19 g olan 525 adet Karadeniz alabalığının kullanıldığı çalışma 90 gün sürmüştür. Denemede, % 100 balık yağı (BY), % 100 aspir yağı (AY), % 100 kanola yağı (KY), % 50-50 balık yağı-aspir yağı (BY-AY), % 50-50 balık yağı-kanola yağı (BY-KY), % 50-50 aspir yağı-kanola yağı (AY-KY) ve balık-aspir-kanola yağı (BY-AY-KY) içeren 7 farklı yem kullanılmıştır. Deneme sonunda yapılan istatistiksel analiz sonuçlarına göre, spesifik büyüme oranı, oransal büyüme oranı, yem değerlendirme oranı, termal büyüme kat sayısı ve balık etindeki ham protein değeri bakımından gruplar arasında önemli fark olmadığı (p>0.05), ancak net protein verimliliği, viserosomatik indeks, hepatosomatik indeks ve balık etindeki ham yağ değeri bakımından önemli fark olduğu (p<0.05) tespit edilmiştir. Balık etindeki en yüksek linoleik asit miktarı AY grubunda (% 36.32±0.01), en yüksek linolenik (% 3.05±0.01) ve oleik asit miktarı (% 48.57±0.02) KY grubunda, en yüksek EPA (% 2.26±0.01), DHA (% 7.10±0.03) değerleri ise BY grubunda elde edilmiştir (p<0.05). Ayrıca en yüksek ΣSFA miktarı (% 23.51±0.04) BY-AY grubunda, en yüksek ΣMUFA miktarı (%52.83±0.06) KY grubunda, en yüksek ΣPUFA miktarı (% 41.82±0.03) AY grubunda, en yüksek Σomega-3 miktarı (% 11.39±0.08) BY grubunda, en yüksek Σomega-6 miktarı (% 38.48±0.03) ise AY grubunda tespit edilmiş ve gruplar arasındaki farklar istatistiksel açıdan önemli bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak, Karadeniz alabalığı yeminde balık yağının tamamı ya da bir kısmı yerine aspir ve kanola yağı kullanımının büyüme performansı ve yem değerlendirme üzerine önemli bir etkisinin olmadığı, ancak yemlerdeki yağ asidi kompozisyonunun balık etine yansıyarak önemli değişikliklere neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
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    The effects of dietary supplement of rounded brittle fern weed (Laurencia obtusa) (hudson) (j.v.lamouroux, 1813) as a natural carotenoid on pigmentation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss)
    (Central Fisheries Research Institute, 2018) Baki, Birol; Kerim, Murat; Ozturk, Dilara Kaya; Eyuboglu, Bora; Karacuha, Ali
    The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) as a natural carotenoid on the growth performance, biochemical composition and skin and fillet pigmentation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Laurencia obtusa was collected manually from the shores of Sinop (The Black Sea-Turkey) and included in the diet at two different ratios as 30 (L30) and 60 (L60) mg/kg diet. The fish with an average weight of 248.9±6.1 g were fed by the experimental diets for 6 weeks. The best growth performance was determined in L0. The differences between protein, fat and ash values of fish were not significant (P>0.05). At the end of the study, the L* value was highest in the L0 group (59.94±1.28) and lowest in the L60 group (53.43±1.98) and, in fillet, it decreased in all experimental groups compared to the initial values (P<0.05). The a* values of skin and fillet were determined between 4.48±0.31 and 4.68±0.41, 1.45±0.42 and 1.73±0.39, respectively (P>0.05). The b* value increased in all groups in skin (P<0.05), whereas it was decreased in fillet (P>0.05). © 2018, Central Fisheries Research Institute. All rights reserved.