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    A Comparative Approach to Sustainable Fish Meal: Prussian Carp Meal (Carassius gibelio Bloch, 1782)
    (2024) Baki, Birol; Kaya Öztürk, Dilara; Gören, Gülşen Uzun
    In the present study, the usability of Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio) meal (PCM) as an alternative animal protein source in fish feeds was investigated by comparing it with anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus) meals in terms of their biochemical, fatty acid, amino acid and element compositions. Prussian carp were obtained by fishing and made into a meal (PCM). Anchovy (AM), and sprat (SM) meals were purchased from a commercial company. The amino acid analysis results show that PCM's total, essential, and non-essential amino acid values were lower than that of AM and SM (P < 0.05). The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and Omega-6 values of PCM were higher than AM and SM; and lower than saturated fatty acids (SFA), Omega-3, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), atherogenicity index (AI) values (P < 0.05). According to the element analysis, the P and Ca values of the PCM were higher than the AM and SM (P < 0.05), and the Na, K, Fe, Cu, Zn and Se values were lower. According to the results of the present study, PCM can be utilized in the feed industry to boost the sustainability of fish meals used in feed production, which in turn will reduce the foreign dependency on vegetable and fish meals, and lower feed costs.
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    Comparative Analysis of Egg Biochemical Composition and Egg Productivity Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) in Different Stations in Turkey
    (2021) Baki, Birol; Kaya Öztürk, Dilara; Tomgişi, Serhat
    In the study, two objectives were selected in determining the quality and efficiency of Oncorhynchus mykiss eggs obtained from different stations: (1) to determine the biochemical, amino and fatty acid composition and egg quality, (2) to study the effect of egg productivity on egg quality. The study was conducted in 5 different production areas which is produces the most rainbow trout eggs in Turkey. Broodstocks over 3 years old were randomly selected from the company. After the egg productivity analysis, biochemical analysis were conducted. The most abundant amino acid in all stations was glutamic acid, followed by leucine, lysine, in that order. Total amino acid and essential amino acid (EAA) values were between 30.40±0.93-44.47±0.43 and 15.69±0.25-23.88±0.07 g/100g, respectively. As a result of analysis of fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), oleic acid and linoleic acid values were higher than other fatty acids. In addition, polyunsaturated (PUFA) values were higher than saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acid values in the eggs obtained from all stations. Consequently, the amino and fatty acid values of rainbow trout eggs were determined to be sufficient for embryonic development of fish and this values showed rainbow trout eggs as potential source of food for human consumption.
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    Comparative Fatty Acid Compositions of Tissues of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with Different Ploidy and Sex
    (2023) Baki, Birol; Kaya Öztürk, Dilara
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid contents in various tissues (fillet, liver, gonad) of different ploidy (triploid and diploid) and sex (female and male) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the breeding season. In the study, diploid and triploid rainbow trouts belonging to the same age group (3+) were used. Fish were fed with commercial feed containing 45% crude protein and 20% crude fat until satiation. At the end of the 75-day study, biometric measurements of the fish were made and the tissues were stored in a deep freezer until biochemical and fatty acid analysis. The first finding of this study identified that ploidy (triploid and diploid) affects the biochemical and fatty acid composition of rainbow trout. The second major finding was that the polyunsaturated fatty acid values were higher and the saturated fatty acid values were lower in all tissues (especially female gonads) than other fatty acids. The results also indicate that the comparative among the biochemical and fatty acid composition of the fillet, liver, and gonad of rainbow trout is further illuminated by these data.
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    Effect of Different Diets on Productivity and Biochemical Values of Rainbow Trout Eggs (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1972)
    (Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 2024) Baki, Birol; Kaya Öztürk, Dilara
    The nutritional status of broodstock is an important determinant of egg quality and fry viability in fish species. This study investigated the effects of different broodstock diets on egg productivity and quality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Rainbow trout broodstocks (average initial weight 731.25±0.39 g) were fed one of three diets for 75 days: two commercial rainbow trout diets with different protein and fat contents (C and F1 groups), and a semi-wet diet composed of a mixture of trout fry feed and fresh horse mackerel (F2 group). At the end of the study, the C group showed the highest specific growth rate and feeding day growth coefficient values. There were no significant differences in absolute and relative egg production between the dietary groups (p>0.05). However, diet did impact egg nutritional composition and color. The C group eggs had higher levels of omeg-3 and omeg-9 fatty acids, while omeg-6 fatty acids were highest in the F1 group eggs. Total amino acid content, including aromatic, branched-chain and essential amino acids, was highest in the F2 group eggs. The C group eggs also displayed greater chroma, yellowness, and redness compared to the F1 and F2 eggs (p<0.05). In summary, while egg output was similar between rainbow trout broodstock dietary groups, the amino acid profiles and lipid profiles of the eggs differed by diet. Specifically, the Ʃomega-3 PUFA, DHA and Ʃomega-3/Ʃomega-6 ratios in feeds impacted measures of egg quality like color and nutritional value. These findings highlight the importance of broodstock nutrition in determining the composition and quality of rainbow trout eggs. © 2024, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University. All rights reserved.
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    Nutrient quality of cultured fish species in the Black Sea: Evaluation of fatty acids, amino acids and fillet colors
    (2022) Kaya Öztürk, Dilara
    This study aims to examine the nutritional composition (amino acid and fatty acid) and fillet color of commercially produced cultured fish of the Black Sea. All fish species [(sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), sea bream (Sparus aurata), turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), and large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)] were collected from the Black Sea’s aquaculture sites in 2020. Total amino acid values of fillets were listed as sea bream>turbot>large rainbow trout>sea bass fillet. The highest omega-3/omega-6 ratio was in turbot fillets, and the highest omega-6/omega-3 ratio was in sea bass and sea bream fillets (p<0.05). Consequently, it was concluded that the fish cultured from the Black Sea have excellent nutritional values, including high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids and appropriate amounts of essential amino acids and the cultured fish in the Black Sea are of good quality, nutritious and beneficial for human consumption.
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    Orta Karadeniz bölgesinde ağ kafeslerde çipuranın (Sparus aurata L., 1758) büyüme performansı ve et kalite değerlerinin belirlenmesi
    (Sinop Üniversitesi, 2017) Kaya Öztürk, Dilara; Karayücel, Sedat
    Çalışmada, su ürünleri sektöründe önemli bir tür olan çipura balığının, Orta Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde kafese konulduğu tarihten hasat tarihine kadar büyüme ve yem değerlendirme performansları ile biyokimyasal, yağ asitleri ve amino asit kompozisyonlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, Temmuz 2015-Ekim 2016 tarihleri arasında, özel bir işletmenin kafes sistemlerinde yürütülmüştür. Balıklar, aylık olarak, rastgele örnekleme metoduna göre kafesten alınmıştır. Biyometrik ölçümleri yapıldıktan sonra, biyometrik indeksleri hesaplanmış ve biyokimyasal analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, 5.90±0.02 cm boy ve 2.44±0.03 g başlangıç ağırlığına sahip çipura balığı 15 aylık süreç sonunda 29.55±0.20 cm boy ve 474.60±8.64 g ağırlığa ulaşmıştır. Çalışma sonunda çipura balıklarının Yaşama Oranı ortalama % 94.26±0.60 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada, balıkların ortalama Canlı Ağırlık Artışı 33.73±9.47 g; ortalama Spesifik Büyüme Oranı % 0.92±0.30, ortalama Termal Büyüme Oranı % 0.02±0; ortalama Yem Dönüşüm Oranı 1.45±0.05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda balıkların Ham Protein değeri % 21.07±0.06, Ham Yağ değeri % 11.82±0.17, Kuru Madde değeri % 34.37±0.35 ve Ham Kül değeri % 3.64±0.17 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma boyunca balıkların Toplam Esansiyel Amino Asit miktarları (7.80±0.00-11.22±0.02 g/100g, p<0.05), Toplam Esansiyel Olmayan Amino Asit miktarları (8.19±0.00 -9.94±0.01 g/100 g, p<0.05) ve EAA/NEAA oranları (1.01±0.00-1.18±0.01, p<0.05) arasındaki farkların önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda balıkların Toplam Doymuş Yağ Asitleri miktarı % 22.94±0.01; Toplam Tekli Doymamış Yağ Asitleri miktarı % 32.77±0.02 ve Toplam Çoklu Doymamış Yağ Asitleri miktarı % 35.90±0.04 olarak belirlenmiştir (p<0.05).
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    The Effect of Using Peanut Meal Instead of Soybean Meal on Growth, Biochemical Composition and Fillet Color of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792)
    (2021) Dernekbasi, Seval; Kaya Öztürk, Dilara; Karayucel, Ismihan
    The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using peanut meal instead ofsoybean meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) feeds on growthperformance, biochemical composition and fillet color. For this purpose, rainbow trout(108.70±0.09 g) were fed for eight weeks with four different diets adjusted as iso-nitrogenic (45%protein), iso-lipidic (19% lipid) and iso-energetic (22 kJ g-1). While the CF (commercial feed)group was fed with commercial feed, three experimental diets containing 0% (Control-C), 50%(PNM50) and 100% (PNM100) peanut meal were formulated for the other groups. As a result ofthe 8 weeks study, the best final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate were found PNM50group and the difference among groups was found significant. (p<0.05). The use of peanut mealinstead of soybean meal in rainbow trout diets decreased fish meat protein ratios compared to CFand C groups. The qualities of redness, yellowness and hue were distinct between the diets in thedorsal and caudal locations. At all the measured regions in the C and CF groups did not result inany significant difference for chroma. It is thought that the differences between the measuredregions in L*, a*, b * are due to the fillet thickness and the preservation of the fillet coloringmatter. Consequently, 50% peanut meal instead of soybean meal in trout diets could be used indiets of rainbow trout without any negative effects on growth.