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Öğe 2019 Parion Excavations(Atatürk Üniversitesi, 2023) Keles, Vedat; Kasapoglu, Hasan; Oyarçin, Kasim; Çelikbas, Ersin; Kaba, Hazar; Yilmaz, Alper; Kasapoglu, Büsra ElifScientific archaeological excavations in the ancient city of Parion, located near Kemer village, Biga district, Çanakkale province, have been conducted since 2005. With the begenning of systematic scientific excavations, Parion excavations demonstrate the characteristics of a sophisticated work site by providing many archaeological data to the academic world, countless artefacts to the cultural inventory of our country and plenty of qualified staff to the archaeological society. In 2019, during the studies carried out in the ancient city, as in previous years, finds were unearthed together with data that will contribute to the archaeological and cultural heritage of the region. In this study; the excavations carried out in the ancient city in 2019, the data and findings obtained from the excavations, and the interpretation of the data and findings were highlighted. The excavations were carried out by a multidisciplinary team of 41 archaeologists, restorators and conservators, anthropologists, architects, geomatic engineers, art historians, epigraphers and translators from 10 universities. In 2019, excavations were carried out in 9 zones including Roman Bath, Odeion, Acropolis Eastern (Inner) Wall, South (Tavsandere) Necropolis, Agora and Warehouse Building, Theatre, Aqueduct, Toprak Kuleler Locality Chamber Tombs and Drilling 12. The year-long works lasted approximately 4 months in the field, and the entire study period included fieldworks, digital scanning and documentation, restoration-conservation, anthropology, tourism development, rehabilitation and landscaping operations.Öğe An Elite Tomb from Soloi: New Evidence for the Funerary Archaeology of Cyprus(Koc Univ Suna & Inan Kirac Res Ctr Mediterranean Civilizations-Akmed, 2020) Kaba, HazarThis article focuses on a 4th century BC tomb from the necropolis of Soloi, an important ancient city in northwestern Cyprus. The tomb, together with five others, were revealed during a rescue excavation between 2005-2006. They supply us with evidence related to the Cypro-Classical period of Soloi. The specific tomb that will be evaluated is distinguished from its contemporaries, especially by its rich inventory of gold and silver jewelry and metal vessels. The tomb is characterized by three separate burial chambers that open to a rock-cut central courtyard (prodomos). It supplies us with valuable information related to the sociocultural structure, internal and external relations of Cypro-Classical Soloi as well as funerary beliefs and customs of its elite. The article firstly gives a detailed structural and comparative analysis conducted to reveal both the spatial and architectural characteristics of the tomb. This will be followed by a superficial, yet still informative, analysis of all the burials and their rich inventories. Last but not least, the burials and their inventories will be contextualized within the setting of the 4th century BC Cypriot and Greek burial customs.Öğe ARKAİK DÖNEM KIBRIS DİNİNİ ANLAMLANDIRMADA PİŞMİŞ TOPRAK HEYKELCİKLERİN ROLÜ(2018) Kaba, HazarKıbrıs’ın Arkaik dönemi, adanın kültürel geçmişinin en zengin veözgün dönemini teşkil etmektedir. Pek çok arkeolojik bulgu ve yazılıkaynak ışığında bu dönemin sosyal ve kültürel yapısı, bu dönemdeAda’nın izlediği ticari ve kültürel ilişkiler gibi konular ve daha fazlasıhakkında tatmin edici bilgilere ulaşmak mümkündür. Ancak tüm buzengin bilgi dağarcığı, Kıbrıs-Arkaik dönemdeki din olgusunu özelliklemimariveuygulamaalanlarındaanlamlandırmamızvekimliklendirmemiz hususunda eksiklikler sergilemektedir. Bu eksikliklerneticesinde dönemin dini yapılarının, özellikle de tapınakların, üstmimarileri ve bazen de süsleme öğeleri hakkında ciddi belirsizliklerdoğurmaktadır. Bunun yanında Kıbrıs kökenli yazılı kaynaklarıneksikliği dini törenlerin kimler tarafından ve nasıl gerçekleştirildiğihususunda da ciddi bilgi eksiklikleri doğmasına sebep olmaktadır.Bu makale, Arkaik Kıbrıs dinini anlamlandırırken mimari veuygulama alanında karşılaşılan eksiklikleri sadece pişmiş toprakheykelcikler üzerinden gidermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda Kıbrıs-Arkaik Dönem tarihli pişmiş toprak heykelcikler üzerinden Arkaik Kıbrısdini hakkında öğrenilen bilgiler irdelenecek bir yandan da pişmiş toprakheykelciklerin bu alandaki rolü ve önemine de vurgu yapılacaktır. Kıbrıs-Arkaik Dönem’in dini mimarisi hakkında özellikle tapınak ve sunakmodelleri gibi eserlere başvurulacaktır. Bu eserler tapınak planlarıyaında özellikle üst mimari ve mimari süsleme alanlarındaki eksikleritelafi etmede kullanılacaktır. Daha geniş ve çeşitli bir repertvar sunantekil veya grup halindeki pişmiş toprak figürinler de dini törenler,ritüeller, inançlar ve tüm bunları gerçekleştiren Arkaik Dönem Kıbrıslılarıhakkında bilgiler edinmek adına incelenecektir. İnceleme neticesinde ayrıca Kıbrıs-Arkaik dinini şekillendiren, niteleyen ve zenginleştiren tümöğelerin etkileşim alanları ile kökenleri de anlaşılmaya çalışılacaktır.Öğe Contextualising the Necropolis of Soloi within the Cypro-Archaic Mortuary Horizon(2021) Kaba, HazarArchaeological interest in the Cypriot necropoleis began in the late 19th century and has increased at a growing pace to the present day. As a result,\rthere is a significant quantity of data related to Cypriot\rmortuary behaviour, which is referred to as the “Cypriot\rmortuary horizon” in this paper. However, studies of\rthis so-called horizon have not been holistic, and some\rnecropoleis have been consistently ignored by researchers. The necropolis of Soloi is one of these overlooked\rexamples. This study aims to correct this oversight by\rfocusing on the Cypro-Archaic (750-480 B.C.) necropolis of Soloi. Accordingly, the separately published results\rof the pre-1974 excavations are interpreted together\rwith the unpublished data of the post-1974 rescue excavations. A comparison of the emerging picture with\rcontemporary Cypriote necropoleis shows that Soloi\rwas an essential component in the creation of the Cypriote mortuary horizon. The similarities it displays in\rtomb typologies and inventories, and, most importantly, to certain funerary behaviours identified elsewhere\ron Cyprus enables a better understanding of the panisland mortuary world.Öğe “Eğrekbaşı” Revisited - A Topographic and ContextualCorrectum to a Burial Ground from the SouthernNecropolis of Parion(2021) Kaba, HazarParion, one of the most important port cities of Troad, possesses great importance to Anatolian archaeology with its necropolis. Excavated continuously since 2005, a small portion of the cities southern necropolis, named Tavşandere, became the leading information provider for the understanding of the organisation of the cities burial grounds, funerary customs and grave typology. However, a small rescue excavation conducted nearly a kilometre south of the Tavşandere tends to change this situation. This rescue excavation that took place within a small-scale area revealed two cist graves and one sarcophagus. Especially one of the cist graves attracted attention with its very rich inventory of jewellery. This new burial ground possesses the potential to change our state-of-the-art knowledge on the size, topography and organisation of Parion’s southern necropolis. Evaluated under two publications this new burial ground from the hinterland of Parion still did not find its deserved place within the funerary archaeology of the Troad.This paper aims to re-evaluate this new burial ground, its topography, organisation and finds with some updated knowledge, new points of view and more in-detail comparanda. To do so, the topography, grave typology and most importantly the find repertories of this burial ground will be re-examined, compared with parallels and evaluated with the other burial grounds of the region.Öğe Gerze, Akgüney Nekropolü Buluntuları ile Ilgili Bilimsel Çalısma(2021) Aksan, Zeki Mete; Şahin, Gülseren Kan; Kaba, Hazar2015 yılında Sinop Arkeoloji Müzesi Müdürlügü tarafından Sinop Ili Gerze ilçesi, Akgüney Köyü sınırları içinde yapılan kurtarma kazısında, bu bölgedeki olası bir antik yerlesmeye ait bir nekropolün önemli bir kısmı ortaya çıkarılmıstır. Proje kapsamında söz konusu nekropol ve mezar buluntuları bir bütün olarak incelenerek burada yasamıs toplulugun ölü gömme gelenekleri, öteki dünya inançları ve sosyo-kültürel özelliklerinin yanı sıra Akgüney nekropolünün ait oldugu antik yerlesmenin kültürel, sosyal ve ekonomik bakımdan niteliklerinin anlasılması amaçlanmıstır. Bunun için Sinop Arkeoloji Müzesi tarafından yapılmıs kurtarma kazısında ortaya çıkarılan mezar buluntuları (seramik, cam, metal, kemik ve tas) ile ilgili belgeleme (tanım, fotograf, çizim) çalısması yapılarak mezarlar, içerdikleri buluntular ile bir bütün olarak degerlendirilmistir. Sonuçta Roma ve Geç Roma döneminde Akgüney yerlesmesinde yasamıs insanların ölü gömme gelenekleri ve öteki dünya inançlarının yanı sıra Akgüney nekropolünün düzeni ve baglı oldugu antik yerlesme hakkında saptamalar yapılmıstır. Sinop ve içinde bulundugu bölge ile ilgili arkeolojik çalısmalar uzun yıllardan beri degisik alanlarda gerçeklestirilmekte olup Sinope antik kentinin tarihi geçmisini, kimligini ve niteligini anlamaya yönelik önemli bulgular ortaya çıkarılmıstır. Ancak Sinope?nin hinterlandı ve yakın çevresindeki kırsal yerlesmelerle olan iliskisi henüz tam olarak aydınlatılabilmis degildir. Akgüney nekropolünü meydana getiren mezarların ve buluntularının çalısılarak degerlendirilmesi ile Sinop bölgesinde ilk defa bir hinterlant yerlesmesinin anlasılmasına ısık tutacak bir çalısma gerçeklestirilmistir.Öğe Marble Funerary Vases from Sinope(2019) Kaba, HazarMarble vessels of various forms and types had an essential role within the life of ancient people. However,the tedious obtaining process and the long-lasting lifetime of marble made the vessels produced from itvaluable and scantly obtainable objects for everyone’s domestic life. On the other hand, due to its durability,marble vessels were highly preferred, especially by the elite for ritual but mostly for funerary orientedareas. Two marble vases kept within the storages of the Sinop Archaeological Museum supply us withsome good examples of marble vessels produced and used for funerary oriented purposes. The two vases,carved in the shape of a lekythos and a hydria, are important finds for a better understanding of the funerarybeliefs, cultural interactions and, even at some point, the demographic structure of ancient Sinop.In the scope of this paper, continuous evaluation will be conducted, firstly for an in detail interpretingand understanding of the two vases. Full or partial comparisons will be drawn with other various vasesfor establishing a more definite identification and a secure dating. Last but not least, the vases will betried to be placed within the context of the use of marble vases for funerary purposes.Öğe PARION 2020 SEASON EXCAVATION, RESTORATION - CONSERVATION AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDIES(Atatürk Üniversitesi, 2023) Keles, Vedat; Kasapoglu, Hasan; Oyarçin, Kasim; Kaba, Hazar; Yilmaz, Alper; Kasapoglu, Büsra Elif; Yılmaz, Michael DenizSystematic archaeological excavations and researches in the ancient city of Parion, located on the Biga Peninsula in northwestern Anatolia, in the vicinity of Kemer village, Biga district, Çanakkale province, started in 2005 and have been continuing uninterruptedly to the present day. In 2020, excavation, restoration-conservation and anthropological studies were carried out in a total of 7 sectors including Odeion, South-Tavsandere Necropolis, Drilling 10 (Great Bath), Roman Bath, Drilling 11-1 (Acropolis), Acropolis Eastern (Inner) Wall and Agora and Warehouse Building. Field restoration-conservation practices were carried out in the Theatre, Roman Bath, Drilling 10 (Great Bath) and Odeion sectors, while laboratory restoration and conservation works were performed on metal, glass, bone, terracotta and stone/marble artefacts. Within the scope of anthropological studies, palaeoanthropological analyses of 110 individuals were examined. During the 2020 campaign, a grave type seen in the South-Tavsandere Necropolis and the opus spicatum type brickwork uncovered in Drilling 10 (Great Bath) were among the new ones for Parion. Excavations were performed on the eastern forecourt of the Odeion, in the latrina and impluvium sections of the Roman Bath, and on the Acropolis East (Inner) Wall to discover the organic connection with the Theatre. Field restoration and conservation operations were applied in the Theatre, Roman Bath, Drilling 10 (Great Bath) and Odeion. In the paper, the data obtained from the processes performed during 2020 and the finds unearthed are introduced, and interpretations are made that will enable the understanding of Parion and the sectors. The restoration and conservation processes in the field and laboratory are explained, and the data obtained from anthropological studies are presented.Öğe RE-IDENTIFYING THE KYME HYDRIA: NEW IDEAS AND INTERPRETATIONS OF ITS TYPOLOGY, DATE AND ORIGIN(Inst Classical Stud Acad Sci Czech Republic, 2021) Kaba, HazarAncient hydriai made from bronze or other precious materials occupy an important place within the field of toreutic studies. These vessels, in addition to their principal purpose of holding liquids, were also preferred as containers for the ashes of the deceased, and so were placed in the graves of ancient Greeks in significant quantities mostly in the Archaic period but also in the Classical. Present-day Turkey, ancient Asia Minor, has supplied a vast assemblage of a range of toreutic vessels from various eras of antiquity. In 2012 a new addition was made to this assemblage with the discovery of an exceptional bronze hydria in the necropolis of the ancient Aeolian city of Kyme. Carefully produced and richly adorned with a relief plaquette of Dionysos and Silenus, this vessel was first published several years after its discovery. However, it has yet to receive a full treatment, including a detailed comparison with other examples. This paper aims to rectify this situation by re-identifying the Kyme hydria through a wide-ranging study. Firstly, the vessel will be re-evaluated in terms of its find context, including assessment of the other finds recovered from the same tomb. There follows a detailed typological analysis in which analogies are drawn with contemporary metal vessels. This will help both to challenge the previously suggested use, production technique and date and to identify the possible origin of this vessel. Last but not least, comments are made on how this exceptional hydria might have found its way to Kyme and the significance of this within the wider world of Greek toreutics.Öğe SINOP ARKEOLOJI MÜZESI’NDEN IKI MERMER KAP ÜZERINE ÖN GÖZLEMLER(Sinop Üniversitesi, 2018) Kaba, HazarSinopMüzesi envanterinde kayitli iki adet tas kap bu makalenin konusunu teskiletmektedir. Farkli dönemlerde, farkli yollardan kontekst disi olacak sekildeMüze envanterine kazandirilmis olan her iki kap da mermer olmalari ile dikkatçekmektedir. Her ne kadar özelde farkli amaçlar için tasarlanmis olsalar dagenel kullanim baglaminda iki kabin da ölü gömme ile alakali olarak kullanilmaküzere yapildigi anlasilmaktadir. Kaplardanilki urne amaçli kullanilmak üzere üretilmis olan bir hydria, ikincisi ise oldukça kötü olan korunma durumuna ragmen birmezar lekythosu olarak tanimlanabilmektedir.Mermer kaplarin her ikisi de bizlere formlari, üretim amaçlari, kullanim alanlarive yaklasik tarihlerini saptamaya yetecek kadar bilgi sunmaktadir. Bu baglamdaözellikle hydria “Hadra Vazolari”naolan form benzerligi ile dikkat çekerken lekythosunAttik mermer lekythoslari arasinayerlestirilebilecegi görülmektedir. Bu çalismada, bahsi geçen iki mermer kap formlaribakimindan degerlendirilip etraflica tanimlanacak ardindan da tespit edilmisolan benzerleri ile karsilastirilarak kullanim alanlari hakkinda saglikliverilere ulasilmaya çalisilacaktir.Öğe SOLİ (KIBRIS) NEKROPOLÜNDEN KIBRIS-KLASİK DÖNEM TARİHLİ BİR APHRODİTE-EROS FİGÜRİNİ(2015) Kaba, HazarBu makalenin konusu, 2005-2006 yılında Güzelyurt Bölgesi Soli antik kentinin nekropol alanında gerçekleştirilen bir kurtarma kazısında keşfedilmiş olan Mezar 4A'da bulunmuş bir Aphrodite-Eros figürinidir. Sunduğu eserler sayesinde kentin Kıbrıs-Klasik Döneminde hüküm sürmüş soylu bir aileye ait olduğu anlaşılan Mezar 4A'da ele geçmiş olan kireçtaşı Aphrodite-Eros figürini, mezar odasındaki diğer eserler gibi büyük bir arkeolojik öneme sahiptir. Figürin, en başta sergilediği özellikler ile dönemin heykeltraşlık sanatı, etkin sanat akımları ve yerel üretimlerin karakteri hakkında oldukça değerli ipuçları sunmaktadır. Figürinin stilistik değerlendirmesi, birçok yerel örnekle daha önceden kurulmamış ilişki ve bağların kurulmasını da sağlamaktadır. Ama daha da önemlisi Mezar 4A Aphrodite-Eros figürininin, Soli kentinin Attika Bölgesi ve Atina kenti ile olan sosyo-kültürel bağlarını Kıbrıs-Klasik Dönem için daha önce hiç olmadığı kadar güçlü bir şekilde aydınlatmasıdır. Figürinin sunduğu güçlü Attik heykeltraşlık etkileri, Attikalı ustaların kentteki varlığını vurgulamakta ve Marion ile Salamis yanında Soli'yi de sanatsal anlamda Atina kültüründen etkilenmiş Kıbrıs-Klasik Dönem krallıkları arasına sokmaktadırÖğe SYKHARI–LAKKIN: PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON A NEW ARCHAEOLOGICAL LANDSCAPE FROM KYRENIA MOUNTAINS – CYPRUS(2018) Kaba, HazarAlthough it is the third largest island in the Mediterranean, Cyprus can be regarded as asmall geography on the basis of its surface area. Yet, the island still offers great importance for both Mediterranean and world archaeology in terms of archaeological wealth and diversity it hosts. For the last quarter-century, surveys conducted in the western, southern and northwestern parts of Cyprus have added lots of new information to the island's archaeological inventory. On the other hand, there is a continuing stability in the north and east of the island for many years.Just in this context and situation, a series of coincidental discoveris related to an archaeologicallandscape within a small valley on the Kyrenia Mountain Range has occurred. Within these coincidental discoveries, a group of various archaeological finds was found not contemporarily at a location known as Sykhari-Lakkin. Among these finds, there were tombs as well as a wide selection of ceramics, figurines, architectural elements, industrial usage tools and even some architectural remains. This article will be the first publication that will evaluate Sykhari-Lakkin in an archaeological perspective in light of the aforementioned finds and reveal its archeological significance for the island of Cyprus.Öğe The display of wealth, status and power: two recently discovered mid-fourth-century BC pebble-mosaic floors from Sinope(Cambridge Univ Press, 2022) Kaba, Hazar; Aksoy, ErayIn 2019, excavation in the Yalnizlar neighbourhood of Sinop, Turkey, revealed a small number of architectural remains, two stone-paved floors and two lavishly decorated pebble-mosaic floors. Both the architectural remains and the pebble-mosaic floors are rare finds in Sinop, even more so given that the floors were found largely intact within their architectural settings. These elements appear to have constituted a portion of a once-grand house of the mid-fourth century BC. This article focuses on the pebble-mosaic floors, which will be analysed in two parts. The first introduces the floors and considers their construction techniques and decorative programmes. Analogies form an essential part of the analysis in order to contextualise both pavements within the corpus of Greek pebble-mosaic floors. A holistic evaluation of the architectural remains and the mosaics follows, in order to consider the setting and use of the floors. In the second part of the article, the sociocultural context of the mosaics is addressed. The analysis considers the meaning and symbolism of their decorations, as well as the place they once occupied within the lives of their owners. Ultimately, the position of the examples from Sinope within the wider sphere of mid-fourth-century BC Greek pebble-mosaic floors will be considered, along with the significance of such lavishly decorated floors in Sinope at this time.
