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Öğe Developing the Cyberostracism Scale and Examining its Psychometric Characteristics(Springer, 2022) Hatun, Osman; Demirci, IbrahimThis study aims to develop the Cyberostracism Scale (CS) to assess university students' perceptions of virtual social exclusion. Validity and reliability studies were carried out with 3 different groups (N = 692; %69 women). In the developing process of the scale, EFA, CFA, Item Response Theory (IRT), and criterion-related validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and test-retest) analyses were used. EFA results indicated that the CS has a 3-dimensional structure (Direct Excluded, Indirect Excluded, Ignored) which explains 55.74% of the total variance. The CFA results showed that the 3-factor structure of the scale had an acceptable level of fit indices and had a measurement invariance across gender. IRT analysis showed that all items of the scale were coherent and fit with the model. The results indicated that the scale had satisfactory reliability coefficients. The cyberostracism was found to be associated with the ostracism. Results of the study show that the CS is a valid and reliable measurement tool.Öğe Dispositional Hope, Psychological Flexibility, and Psychological Distress: Psychometric Properties of the Personalized Psychological Flexibility Index Among Turkish Adults(Amer Psychological Assoc, 2024) Kimya, Elif; Hatun, Osman; Eksi, HalilThe present study examined the psychometric properties of the Personalized Psychological Flexibility Index (PPFI) in a Turkish adult community sample, which consisted of 837 people (65% female) aged between 18 and 68 (M-age = 29.93, SD = 13.21). Exploratory factor analysis yielded a three-factor structure corresponding to acceptance, avoidance, and harnessing, in accordance with the original PPFI. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factor model outperformed the one-factor model and showed a good model fit. The Turkish adaptation of the PPFI and its subscales exhibited high internal consistency, convergent validity with dispositional hope, and distress endurance in expected directions. Notably, the Turkish adaptation of the PPFI also showed excellent divergent validity from indices of negative emotionality. This study has offered additional support for the construct validity of the Turkish adaptation of the PPFI by investigating the relationship between psychological flexibility, dispositional hope, and psychological distress. Psychological flexibility emerged as a mediator between dispositional hope and psychological distress, and potential explanations were discussed. The present study offers evidence of the reliability and validity of the PPFI and its potential applicability in the Turkish adult population.Öğe Examining the Relationship Between Social Support and Social Media Addiction: Role of Self-Esteem(Turkish Green Crescent Soc, 2023) Hatun, Osman; Kurtca, Tugba TurkThis study aimed to investigate the associations between social support, self-esteem, and social media addiction. The participants were 383 (55.09% female) adults aged 18-32 years (M = 21.10, standard deviation = 4.14). Data were collected using the self-report questionnaire. Correlation analysis was conducted to examine the associations between the variables. The Process Macro was employed to investigate the role of selfesteem to explain the relationship between social support and social media addiction. Bootstrap analysis was performed to investigate the significance of the direct and indirect relations between the variables. The findings demonstrated that social media addiction was negatively correlated to both social support and self-esteem, whereas social support was positively correlated to self-esteem. Gender had no significant effect on any of the variables. Even when age and daily hours of social media use were checked as covariates, according to the findings, self-esteem significantly explains how social support and social media addiction are related. Therefore, increased social support and self-esteem may prevent social media addiction.Öğe Investigating the Mediating Roles of Hopelessness and Psychological Distress in the Relationship between Psychological Vulnerability and Well-Being among Married Individuals(Halil Eksi, 2024) Hatun, OsmanThe well-being of married individuals is shaped by various psychological factors, among which psychological vulnerability, hopelessness, and psychological distress play critical roles. This study investigates how psychological vulnerability impacts well-being through the mediating effects of hopelessness and psychological distress. The sample comprised 522 married individuals aged 23 to 67 (M = 36.70, SD = 10.77). Data were collected using the Psychological Vulnerability Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-4, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and Mental Health Continuum Short Form. Internal consistency reliability coefficients and composite reliability of the variables were calculated. Pearson Correlation analysis was employed to examine the relationships between variables, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the mediating roles. The significance of direct and indirect relationships was assessed using the bootstrap method. The analysis revealed significant correlations among the variables. SEM results indicated that psychological vulnerability positively and significantly predicted hopelessness and psychological distress, while hopelessness and psychological distress negatively predicted well-being. Additionally, the serial mediation of hopelessness and psychological distress in the relationship between psychological vulnerability and well-being was found to be significant. These findings suggest that psychological vulnerability can adversely affect the well-being of married individuals through the serial mediation of hopelessness and psychological distress. This study may contribute valuable insights to the literature and offers practical implications for couple and family counseling. © 2024 by Author(s).Öğe Investigation of the Relationships Between Mindfulness, Wisdom, Resilience and Life Satisfaction in Turkish Adult Population(Springer, 2023) Kutuk, Hasan; Hatun, Osman; Eksi, Halil; Eksi, FusunThere are many factors that are thought to affect life satisfaction. One of these factors is mindfulness. In addition, it has been observed that resilience and wisdom are associated with both mindfulness and life satisfaction. This study aims to examine the associations between mindfulness, resilience, wisdom, and life satisfaction. Participants consist of 1158 Turkish young adults (79.9% females) between the ages of 18 and 58 (Mage = 21.28, SD = 5.31). Mindfulness Scale, Brief Resilience Scale, San Diego Wisdom Scale, and Life Satisfaction Scale were used as the data collection tools. Structural Equation Modelling and Bootstrapping method were used to examine the role of resilience and wisdom in the relationship between mindfulness and life satisfaction. The results of the structural equation analysis showed that resilience and wisdom had a significant mediating role in the relationship between mindfulness and life satisfaction, and that the role of wisdom was stronger than resilience. The results of the bootstrapping analysis showed that the indirect effects of mindfulness on life satisfaction are significant. We conclude that mindfulness, accompanied by wisdom and resilience, can lead to an increase in life satisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications and limitations were discussed.Öğe Koronavirüs Salgınının Psikolojik Yansımaları ve Salgınla Başa Çıkma(2020) Hatun, Osman; Dicle, Abdullah Nuri; Demirci, İbrahimBu araştırma amacı Covid-19’un psikolojik yansımalarını ve salgınla başa çıkmanın nasıl gerçekleştiğini incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda keşfedici sıralı karma yöntem kullanılarak iki ayrı çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma 1’de Covid-19 olgusunun nasıl deneyimlendiğini ve günlük yaşamdaki psikolojik yansımalarını keşfetmek ve açıklamak amacıyla Fenomenolojik desen tercih edilmiştir. Çalışmanın verileri çevrimiçi odak grup görüşmesi ve katılımcılara internet üzerinden gönderilen açık uçlu sorular aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Çalışmaya 14’ü kadın, 16’sı erkek olmak üzere 30 kişi katılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre Covid-19 salgını deneyimi ve salgının psikolojik yansımaları Koronavirüs Gerçeğiyle Tanışma-Farklı Bir Deneyim, Yaşam Tarzının Değişmesi-Koronalı Günler, Koronavirüs Korkusuyla Başa Çıkma ve Salgın Sonrası Gelişim temalarında açıklanmıştır. Covid-19 salgını nedeniyle insanların sosyal hayatı, yakın ilişkileri, ekonomik hayatı olumsuz yönde etkilenmiş, yaşam rutinleri değişmiştir. Salgın riski insanlarda korku, kaygı, öfke gibi duyguları tetiklemiştir. Salgın korkusuyla başetmek için katılımcıların bilişsel, aşkın, ilişkisel ve davranışsal başetme stratejilerine başvurdukları anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca Covid-19 salgınının katılımcıların hayatında olumlu gelişmelere de yol açtığı görülmüştür. Çalışma 2’de ise Salgınla Başa Çıkma Ölçeği’nin (SBÇÖ) geliştirilmesi ve psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma 2’in katılımcıları 484 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma 1’de ortaya çıkan Salgınla Başa Çıkma teması ve literatürden hareketle ölçek maddeleri yazılmış ve uzman görüşleri de alınarak geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda Salgınla Başa Çıkma Ölçeği’nin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu görülmüştür. Cinsiyet değişkeni açısından bulgular incelendiğinde, kadınların SBÇÖ’nün bilişsel ve aşkın başa çıkma alt boyut puanları ve Covid-19 Korkusu Ölçeği puanları erkeklere kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca Covid-19 korkusu yüksek olan katılımcıların düşük olanlara göre bilişsel, aşkın ve ilişkisel başa çıkma puanlarının daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmanın, Covid-19 olgusunun insan hayatındaki psikolojik yansımalarının daha iyi anlaşılmasına, salgınla başa çıkma sürecinde yetkililere, ruh sağlığı çalışanlarına ve araştırmacılara önemli katkılar sunacağı beklenmektedir.Öğe Lise Öğrencilerinde Değerler, Sosyal Dışlanma ve Akran Baskısı Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi(2020) Hatun, Osman; Eksi, FusunBu araştırmanın amacı, lise öğrencilerinin değer yönelimleri, ile sosyal dışlanma ve akran baskısı arasındaki ilişkilerinincelenmesidir. Araştırmanın katılımcıları, 192’si (%49) kadın ve 203’ü (%51) erkek olmak üzere toplam 395 lise öğrencisindenoluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aşamasında kişisel bilgi formu, Schwartz Değerler Ölçeği, Ergenler İçin Sosyal Dışlanma Ölçeği veAkran Baskısı Ölçeğinden yararlanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Pearson momentler çarpımı korelasyonu ve çoklu doğrusalregresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre sosyal dışlanma ile akran baskısı arasında anlamlı vepozitif yönde bir ilişki olduğu; değerler (başarı, öz-yönelim, evrenselcilik, iyilikseverlik, gelenek, uyum ve güvenlik) ile sosyaldışlanma ve akran baskısı arasında anlamlı ve negatif yönde ilişkiler görülmüştür. Çoklu regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göredeğerlerin sosyal dışlanma değişkenindeki toplam varyansın %19’unu açıkladığı; öz-yönelim ve güç değerlerinin sosyaldışlanmayı anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca değerlerin akran baskısı değişkenindeki toplam varyansın %39’unuaçıkladığı ve sırasıyla öz-yönelim, uyum, uyarılma, evrenselcilik ve güç değerlerinin akran baskısını anlamlı düzeyde yordadığıgörülmüştür. Son olarak, öz-yönelim değerinin hem sosyal dışlanmanın hem de akran baskısının en güçlü yordayıcısı olduğugörülmüştür.Öğe Nurturing Bonds: Social Support as a Mediator in the Association Between Parenting Stress and the Mother-Child Relationship Among Turkish Mothers(Sage Publications Inc, 2025) Hatun, Osman; Kutuk-Yilmaz, Pinar; Topal-Ozgen, GuelsenThis study investigated the relationships among parenting stress, social support, and mother-child relationships among Turkish mothers, focusing on the mediating role of social support. It explored how social support influences the link between maternal stress and mother-child interactions. The research involved 222 Turkish mothers aged 22-65 (M = 37.05, SD = 5.66). The Process Macro was used to test the mediational model, and bootstrap analysis assessed the significance of the direct and indirect relationships between the variables. The results indicated that maternal stress significantly and negatively affected both social support and mother-child relationships. Support from family and friends was found to significantly predict the quality of mother-child interactions. The study suggests that social support from family and friends can reduce mothers' parenting stress and promote a healthy mother-child relationship. These findings contribute to family counseling literature and suggest that enhancing social support systems can improve parenting practices and family dynamics in Turkish families.Öğe Perceived Stress, Hope, and Life Satisfaction Among College Students: A Two-Wave, Half-Longitudinal Study from Turkey(Springer, 2024) Hatun, Osman; Kurtca, Tugba TurkResearchers have long been interested in the research of perceived stress, hope, and life satisfaction. While cross-sectional studies have investigated the associations between these variables, the lack of their simultaneous consideration, particularly the mediating role of hope, in longitudinal research has left a gap in the existing literature. However, understanding these patterns throughout over time can be critical for developing successful practices and interventions to enhance well-being. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to investigate the longitudinal relationships between perceived stress, hope, and satisfaction with life. We conducted a two-wave cross-lagged panel study to examine whether hope acts as a mediator in the association between perceived stress and satisfaction with life. Data were collected using a two-wave design from 293 college students at Time 1 (T1) in March 2023 and 250 students at Time 2 (T2) in June 2023. The analyses were conducted using data from the 250 students (mean age = 21.66, SD = 3.37) who participated in both T1 and T2. The findings revealed that hope mediated the relationship between perceived stress and life satisfaction, indicating that higher levels of perceived stress predicted significantly lower levels of hope, which, in turn, resulted in notably lower life satisfaction. These results highlight the critical role of hope as a protective factor against the detrimental effects of stress on life satisfaction. Understanding these pathways has practical implications for developing interventions to improve life satisfaction and mental health among college students.Öğe Psikolojik Sağlamlık için Koruyucu Faktörler Ölçeği Türkçe Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği(2021) Tanko, Çiğdem; Eksi, Fusun; Hatun, Osman; Eksi, HalilBu çalışmanın amacı, Psikolojik Sağlamlık için Koruyucu Faktörler Ölçeği’ni (PSKFÖ) Türkçeyeuyarlamak ve psikometrik incelemesini yapmaktır. Araştırmanın katılımcıları 256 bireyden (% 65’i kadın)oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 30.78’dir. Araştırmada öncelikle ölçeğin dilsel eş değerlikçalışmaları yapılmıştır. PSKFÖ’nün yapı geçerliği için Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. DFAsonucunda ölçeğin orijinal formdaki gibi üç boyutlu ve 15 maddeli yapısının doğrulandığı ve Türkçeformun iyi uyum değerlerine sahip olduğu görülmüştür (χ2/ sd = 1.99; p <.001; CFI = .98; NNFI = .97;SRMR = .053; RMSEA = .062). Ölçeğin iç tutarlılık güvenirliği için Cronbach alpha katsayısı hesaplanmışve PSKFÖ’nün iç tutarlık katsayısı toplam puan için .93, bireysel boyut için .76, akran boyutu için .87, aileboyutu için .92 olarak saptanmıştır. Ölçüt bağıntı geçerliği için, PSKFÖ ile Kısa Psikolojik SağlamlıkÖlçeği (KPSÖ) arasındaki ilişkiye bakılmış ve ölçek puanları arasında pozitif yönde ve anlamlı bir ilişkiyerastlanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda PSKFÖ’nün Türk örnekleminde geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracıolduğunu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.Öğe Self-compassion, Resilience, Fear of COVID-19, Psychological Distress, and Psychological Well-being among Turkish Adults(Springer, 2023) Hatun, Osman; Kurtca, Tuggba TurkDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to examine the variables that may affect the psychological distress and psychological well-being of individuals. This study aims to investigate the mediating effects of psychological resilience, fear of COVID-19, and psychological distress on the relationship between self-compassion and psychological well-being among Turkish adults. The participants of this study were chosen through the convenience sampling method. Participants consist of 617 Turkish adults, 461 (74.7%) females and 156 (25.3%) males. The participants' ages vary between 18 and 24 (M-age = 30.44, SD = 11.45). The relations between variables were examined by bootstrapping procedure. The results showed that self-compassion, resilience, fear of COVID-19, psychological distress, and psychological well-being are significantly inter-correlated. Self-compassion significantly predicts psychological well-being through the mediating factors of resilience, fear of COVID-19, and psychological distress. It was also found that psychological distress is a mediating factor for the relationship between fear of COVID-19, resilience, and psychological well-being. The indirect effects of self-compassion on psychological well-being through mediating variables were found to be significant. Based on the findings, it can be said that self-compassion decreases individuals' psychological distress and increases their well-being by increasing their resilience. Consequently, psychoeducational programs designed to increase self-compassion and resilience can be vital to support individuals' mental health. In light of the literature, the results, implications, and limitations were discussed.Öğe The experience of Veterans with disabilities: A grounded theory study on coping with trauma and adapting to a new life(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Hatun, Osman; Sirin, AhmetResearch and knowledge related to psychosocial processes experienced by Turkish Veterans with disabilities and the factors that facilitate adapting to life with a disability are insufficient. This study aims to explore the psychosocial processes and coping resources experienced by Turkish Veterans with disabilities. A grounded theory design was used in the study. Snowball sampling and theoretical sampling were used to recruit participants. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 male participants. The data were analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding and formed into themes and categories. The results were explained within the framework of the following themes: the moment of returning from the threshold of death, treatment process, returning to life after war, acceptance, and holding on to life. The analysis revealed that the participants experienced problems, such as post-traumatic stress, the inadequacy of psychosocial functioning, social disapproval, and alienation during the adaptation to life after war. Further, coping resources such as positive personality traits, spiritual coping, making sense of experience, state assurance, and family and fellow Veterans support were found to facilitate the adaptation process.Öğe The Link between Loneliness and Well-being among Adults: Investigating the Mediating Roles of Perceived Stress and Affective Experiences(Marmara Üniversitesi, 2025) Hatun, OsmanThis study aimed to investigate whether perceived stress and positive and negative experiences mediate the association between loneliness and well-being. The participants included 443 adults aged between 18 and 60 (M = 35.50, SD = 9.73, 59.14% female). The data were collected in June 2024 through an online survey that included the UCLA Loneliness Scale-8, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Positive and Negative Experience Scale, and the Mental Health Continuum Short Form. Pearson correlation was utilized to examine the associations between the variables, and the PROCESS macro was used to analyze the mediating roles of perceived stress and positive and negative experiences. The significance of indirect relationships was assessed using the bootstrapping technique. The analysis revealed significant correlations between the variables. Mediation analysis showed that loneliness positively predicted perceived stress and negative experience, and negatively predicted positive experience and well-being. Perceived stress and positive experience significantly predicted well-being; however, negative experience did not predict well-being, and its mediating role was not significant. Bootstrapping results indicated that loneliness significantly predicted well-being through perceived stress and positive experience. These results highlight the need for programs aimed at supporting adults' well-being to focus on reducing loneliness and perceived stress while enhancing positive affect.Öğe The Pathways from Cyberostracism, Dispositional Hope, and Self-efficacy to Psychological Well-being among University Students: A Serial Mediation Study(2024) Hatun, OsmanThe phenomenon of cyberostracism, characterized by exclusion and being ignored in virtual environments, can negatively impact mental health. Previous research has not adequately explored the impact of cyberostracism on well-being or the role of potential mediating variables in this relationship. Examining these mediating pathways can enhance our understanding of how cyberostracism affects individuals' psychological well-being and may inform intervention strategies to mitigate its negative effects. This study aimed to investigate the links between cyberostracism, dispositional hope, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being. The participants consisted of 322 college students aged 18 to 40 (M = 21.14, SD = 2.56), selected using a convenience sampling method. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and bootstrap analysis were employed to explore how hope and self-efficacy might mediate the link between cyberostracism and psychological well-being. The results indicated that cyberostracism, dispositional hope, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being were significantly associated with one another. Furthermore, SEM and bootstrap analyses showed that dispositional hope and self-efficacy significantly mediated the link between cyberostracism and psychological well-being. In conclusion, the findings suggest that dispositional hope and self-efficacy may mitigate the adverse impact of cyberostracism on psychological well-being. These results may contribute significantly to counseling practices and educational research aimed at supporting college students' psychological well-being and preventing the negative effects of cyberostracism.
