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    The Effect of Seasons on Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Total Oxidant Capacity (TOC) and OSI (Oxidative Stress Index) Levels in Free-Living Blackbirds (Turdus merula) in Nature
    (Pleiades Publishing Inc, 2023) Sonmez, Evrim; Gursoy-Ergen, Arzu; Ozsemir, A. Cemal; Cenesiz, Sena; Cenesiz, Metin; Salt-Gokceoglu, Ayris
    The oxidative stress level of organisms is one of the best indicators of whether they are healthy or not. The increase in oxidative stress level in the cell can affect the longevity of the organism as well as cause some immune diseases. In this study, wing, tail, tarsus lengths, weights, muscle and fat scores, Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Total Oxidant Capacity (TOC) and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) levels of Blackbirds living in Sinop, Sarikum Nature Protection Area were examined during all four seasons. A total of 55 Blackbirds were caught in autumn, winter, spring and summer. The highest weight was detected in females and males in autumn, and the lowest in summer. Although there was no statistical difference between the wing and tail lengths, they were slightly higher in the Spring. Total antioxidant levels were highest in both sexes in spring. TAC levels were statistically different only in males, and OSI levels in both sex. The season with the highest OSI levels for both sexes is autumn. This situation was closely related to seasonal conditions and whether they were in the breeding period or not. This study shows that total antioxdant levels and oxidative stress index can easily change in Blackbirds.
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    THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SEASONAL CHANGES ON EURASIAN BLACKBIRDS (TURDUS MERULA) PLASMA T3 (TRIIODOTHYRONINE) AND T4 (THYROXINE) HORMONES
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2021) Sonmez, Evrim; Gursoy-Ergen, Arzu; Ozsemir, Arif Cemal; Cenesiz, Sena; Cenesizs, Metin
    This study was conducted in order to determine the effects of seasonal and daily temperatures on the levels of plasma thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) of Eurasian Blackbird (Turdus merula) among the different seasons. During the field studies carried out in Sarikum Sinop between 2017-2018, 48 T. merula were caught with mist nets, ringed and blood samples were taken for hormone analysis. It was found that thyroid hormone levels were affected by seasonal temperatures as a result of hormone analysis. According to our results plasma T3 and T4 hormone concentrations were changed in both morning and afternoon groups in autumn, winter, spring and summer seasons, and this situation was closely related to the reproductive period or moulting of T. merula while that seasonal varying temperatures affect the amount of these hormones. The dramatic temperature differences both seasonally and during the day were important factors in changing hormone levels.