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Öğe ACUTE TOXICITY OF ZINC AND COPPER FOR RAINBOW TROUT (Onchorhyncus mykiss)(2008) Gündoğdu, AyşeAnchovy oil is a very suitable supplementary ingredient for fish feeds due to the essential fatty acid composition. The acute toxicity of zinc and copper ions for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 1792) were evaluated by static bioassays. The average weight and lenght of fish used in the zinc experiments were 3,02 ±0.21 g and 6.52 ±0.12 cm, respectively, while the tests with copper ions were performed with larger fish (7.12 ±0.60 g and 7.89 ±0.12 cm). Temperature, dissolved O2, pH and ammonia were measured daily, and the average values were 14.62 ±0.41ºC, 7.49 ±0.15 mg/l O2, 7.48 ±0.12 and 0.013 ±0.002 mg/l NH3-N, respectively (total hardness of 249.6 mg/l CaCO3). Chemically pure salts of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and copper sulphate (CuSO4 5H2O) dissolved in distilled water were used as toxicants. Eight zinc ion concentrations with a control group and 8 copper ion concentrations with a control group were prepared. The LT50 (lethality time for 50%) and 96-h LC50 (lethal concentration for 50%) values were calculated. The LC50 values of zinc and copper ions for rainbow trout were found to be 12.88 and 0.094 mg/l, respectively. Survival time decreased with increasing concentrations of zinc and copper ions. Copper ion concentrations were found to be more toxic than zinc ion concentrations for rainbow troutÖğe Acute toxicity of zinc, copper and lead to three species of marine organisms from Sinop Peninsula, Black Sea(Turkish Journal of Biology, 1999) Bat, Levent; Gündoğdu, Ayşe; Sezgin, Murat; Çulha, Mehmet; Gönlügür, Gamze; Akbulut, MehmetAcute toxicity tests were performed on Echinogammars olivii (Amphipoda), Sphaeroma serratum (Isopoda) and Palaemon elegans (Decapoda), from the Sinop Peninsula in the Black Sea. 96- h LC 50 values were estimated for copper, zinc and lead in these species using the static bioassay method. The LC 50 values of Cu for E. olivii, S. serratum and P. elegans were 0.25, 1.98 and 2.52 mg/l, respectively. The LC 50 values of Zn for E. olivii , S. serratum and P. elegans were 1.30, 6.12 and 12.3 mg/l, respectively. The LC 50 values of Pb for E. olivii, S. serratum and P. elegans were 0.62, 4.61 and 5.88 mg/l, respectively. The results indicated that Cu was more toxic to the species followed by Pb and Zn. E. olivii was more sensitive to the metals than S. serratum and P. elegans.Öğe Copper, zinc, lead and cadmium concentrations in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck 1819 from Sinop coast of the Black Sea(Turkish Journal of Zoology, 23, 321-326, 1999) Bat, Levent; Gündoğdu, Ayşe; Öztürk, Meral; Öztürk, MehmetThe concentrations of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium in the living tissue of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis from the Sinop coasts of the Black Sea were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry for monitoring metal pollution in the coastal water. A statistically significant difference in the concentrations of all metals was observed among four sampling stations. The results were compared with previous studies and discussed.Öğe Determination of Anionic Detergent Concentration of Karasu Stream in Sinop (Turkey)(2018) Gündoğdu, Ayşe; Gültepe, Erdi; Çarlı, UğurIn the province of Sinop. It was conducted to determine anionic detergent pollution and some physicochemical properties (pH, temperature, conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, chemical oxygen demand, phosphate PO4-3, total nitrogen). The anionic detergent concentration of the stations was determined on a monthly basis. Seasonally averaged values of the anionic detergent was measured as the highest value in the autumn season. The lowest values of anionic detergent were found in stations in winter and spring. The increase in the concentration of anionic detergent is caused by population growth in residential areas, increased agricultural activities and rains, and that chemicals move to riverbed from terrestrial areas with rain waterÖğe Effect of temperature on the toxicity of zinc, copper and lead to the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex (L., 1758)(Turkish Journal of Zoology, 2000) Bat, Levent; Akbulut, Mehmet; Çulha, Mehmet; Gündoğdu, Ayşe; Satılmış, Hasan HüseyinThis study showed the effect of temperature on copper, zinc and lead toxicity to the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex pulex . 96-h LC 50 values were estimated for copper, zinc and lead in this species using the static bioassay method. Increase in the concentration of copper, zinc and lead decreased the survival of the animals. The LC 50 values of Cu, Zn and Pb for Gammarus pulex pulex ranged from 0.028 to 0.080, 5.2 to 12.1 and 11.2 to 23.2 mg/l, respectively. The results indicated that Cu was more toxic to the species, followed by Zn and Pb. The results were compared with those from other studies and discussed.Öğe Effects of Dietborne Copper on Accumulation in the Tissues and Organs, Growth and Feed Utilization of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) Juvenile(Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 2009) Gündoğdu, Ayşe; Harmantepe, F. Burcu; Doğan, Gaye; Karslı, Zafer; Aşcı, Mehtap YağanThe present experiment was conducted to study effects of elevated dietary Cu and establish upper limits of Cu in fish feed. Accumulation and growth of dietborne copper in the gill, muscle tissue, digestive system and whole body of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Four experimental isonitrogenic (460 g kg-1) and isolipidic (200 g kg-1) diets were formulated. Diets were prepared by adding 0 (control), 0.1, 0.4 or 1.6 g kg-1 CuSO4.5H2O feed, respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 576 juvenile fish whose average weight 19.97±0.048 g. Fish were fed to satiation for experimental period. After 15, 30, 45 and 60 days, the fish were sampled and Cu accumulation in the gill, muscle tissue and the digestive system were determined. The data were presented in ?g of sample Dry Weight (DW). At the end of the trial, with increasing dietary Cu concentration, Cu accumulation of gill, muscle tissue, liver and the digestive system were increased. However, accumulation of gill were not significant (p>0.05) in the fish fed with 0.4 (D 3) and 1.6 (D 4) g kg-1 CuSO4.5H2O diets. Accumulation of muscle tissue were not significant (p>0.05) in the fish fed with 0 (D 1) and 0.1 (D 2) g kg-1 CuSO4.5H2O diets. The accumulation of Cu in the digestive system increased with increasing dietary Cu concentration and at periyot were significant (p<0.05) in group fed with the highest Cu concentration dietÖğe Microbiological pollution and some physicochemical properties of sıkaraağaçlar creek in sinop (Black Sea-Turkey)(2020) Gündoğdu, Ayşe; Çarlı, UğurSırakaraağaçlar creek located in Akliman of Sinop city. It is born within the province of Sinop and discharges from the Akliman coastline to the Black Sea. The work continued from May 2014 to April 2015. Four stations were stated in the study. To determine the quality of water, some physicochemical features and microbiological analysis of creek water was determined. These are temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, biological oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, organic matter, total suspended solids parameters, and Total coliform and Fecal coliform values. When the T. coliform and F. coliform values of Sırakaraağaçlar Creek were examined seasonally, the minimum values were found as 35.88±1.48 cfu/100ml and 27.33±1.25 cfu/100ml at S1 station in Winter, and the maximum values were 1263.55±184.57 cfu/100ml and 1020.22±105.29 cfu/100ml at S4 station in Summer, respectively. The results obtained from the creek water were classified according to the regulations of Turkey's Surface Water Quality Management. It was evaluated whether the perimeter of the creek had any effect on the water source.Öğe Sarıkum Gölü’nde (Sinop) Anyonik Deterjan Kirliliğinin Belirlenmesi(2019) Hasançavuşoğlu, Zeynep; Gündoğdu, AyşeÇalışmada Kasım 2016- Temmuz 2017 tarihleri arasında Sinop il sınırları içerisinde bulunanSarıkum Gölü’nde anyonik deterjan kirlilik düzeyi ve bazı fiziko-kimyasal parametrelerin (pH,tuzluluk, çözünmüş oksijen, toplam çözünmüş madde, iletkenlik, sıcaklık, fosfat, oksidasyonredüksiyon potansiyeli) mevsimsel olarak belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bir yıllık ölçüm verilerinegöre, anyonik deterjan konsantrasyonun, en yüksek değeri 0,056 mg/L ile en düşük değeri ise 0,021mg/L aralığında olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuçların sınıflandırılması Su Kirliliği Kontrolü Yönetmeliği(2008) ile Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği (2016)’ne göre yapılmıştır. Çalışmada anyonik deterjan,pH, sıcaklık değerleri yönünden I. sınıf (Yüksek kaliteli) su kalitesinde; çözünmüş oksijen, toplamçözünmüş madde, fosfat fosforu değerleri açısından II. (kirli) ve III. (kirli) sınıf su, iletkenlik değeriaçısından ise IV. sınıf (Çok kirli) su kalitesinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sarıkum Gölü’ndebelirlenen istasyonların yerleşim yerlerinden gelen deterjan kirliliği beklenilenin aksine düşükdeğerde gözlemlenirken, fosfat fosforu değerinin ise yüksek çıkması gölde yaşayan ekosisteminçevresel kaynakları yönünden özellikle tarımsal kirliliğe maruz kaldığını göstermektedir.Öğe Sarıkum Gölü’nde (Sinop) Ötrofikasyona Neden Olan Bazı Besin Tuzlarının ve Fizikokimyasal Parametrelerin İncelenmesi(2021) Hasançavuşoğlu, Zeynep; Gündoğdu, AyşeSinop il sınırları içerisinde bulunan Sarıkum Gölü’nde ötrofikasyona neden olan bazı besin tuzlarının (amonyum, nitrit, nitrat, fosfat, silisyum) ve fiziko-kimyasal parametrelerin (pH, sıcaklık, çözünmüş oksijen, tuzluluk, askıda katı madde, klorofil–a) su kalitesi yönünden incelenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma bir yıl boyunca mevsimsel olarak yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları Su Kirliliği Kontrolü Yönetmeliği ile Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği’ne göre değerlendirilmiştir. Sarıkum Gölü’nün su kalitesinin çözünmüş oksijen değeri sınıf II ve III, fosfat değeri sınıf III ve ötrofik olduğu, nitrit ve klorofil–a değerleri bakımından hipertrofik özellikte olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu parametrelerin konsantrasyon düzeylerinin düşük veya yüksek olması nedeni ile göl ekosisteminin, özellikle tarımsal kirlilik baskısı altında olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Öğe Sinop İli İç Liman bölgesindeki zooplankton ve bazı ekonomik balıklarda ağır metal düzeyleri(SÜMDER, 2006) Bat, Levent; Gündoğdu, Ayşe; Yardım, Öztekin; Zoral, Tuncer; Çulha, SaniyeKaradeniz'in Sinop İç Liman bölgesinde toplanan zooplankton ve bazı ticari balıklarda sekiz ağır metal (bakır, kobalt, kurşun, çinko, kadmiyum, manganez, nikel ve demir) miktarları ölçülmüştür. Genel olarak ağır metal düzeyleri Türkiye ve uluslararası standartların vermiş olduğu değerlerin altında bulunmuştur. Bu veriler gelecek çalışmalar için yararlı bir örnek sağlamaktadır.Öğe Sinop Karasu Çayı fizikokimyasal özellikleri ve mikrobiyolojik kirliliğinin araştırılması(2020) Gündoğdu, Ayşe; Çarlı, UğurAmaç: Kentleşmenin ve sosyoekonomik faaliyetlerin hergeçen gün artması, evrende doğal kaynaklarınkirlenmesine ve bozulmasına neden olmaktadır. Çalışma,Karadeniz Bölgesi'ndeki Küre Dağları'nın GündüzlüOrmanlarından doğan ve Sinop'un 8 km batısındakiAkliman sahilinden Karadeniz'e dökülen Karasu Çayı’nınsu kalitesini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Karasu Çayı’nın sıcaklık,karbondioksit, pH, alkalinite, çözünmüş oksijen,iletkenlik, oksidasyon-redüksiyon potansiyeli, klorür,biyolojik oksijen ihtiyacı, amonyum azotu, hidrojensülfür, organik madde, toplam askıda katı maddeparametreleri ile Toplam koliform ve Fekal koliformdeğerleri Mayıs 2014'ten Nisan 2015'e kadar her ay takipedilerek mevsimsel durumu ortaya konulmuştur. KarasuÇayı’nın Toplam koliform ve Fekal koliform yükü endüşük kış mevsiminde (4. istasyon), en yüksek yazmevsiminde (1. istasyon) tespit edilmiştir. Suörneklerinin analizi BOI5, NH4+-N, OM, Toplam koliformve Fekal koliform ortalama değerlerinin mevsimler veistasyonlar arasında istatistiksel farklılıkları anlamlı (P<0.05) bulunmuştur. Ayrıca sıcaklık, CO2, pH, ÇO,alkalinite ve H2S değerleri mevsimler arası önemli ölçüdefarklılık gösterirken (P <0.05), istasyonlar arası farklılık (P>0.05) olmamıştır.Genel Yorum: Araştırma sonuçları Yerüstü Su KalitesiYönetmeliği ile karşılaştırıldığında nehir suyunun Toplamkoliform (I.-II. Sınıf) ve Fekal koliform (II.-III. Sınıf)yükünün sınıfları belirlenmiştir. Su kaynağının ÇOdeğerinin düşük ve H2S, F. Koliform değerlerinin yüksekdeğerlerde seyrettiği belirlenmiştir. Bu durumun sukaynağında ötrofikasyonun başlamasına ya da artışınasebep olabilme ihtimalini güçlendirmektedir.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Su kaynaklarınınsürdürülebilirliklerini sağlayabilmek için, suculortamların daha fazla bozulmalarının engellenmesigerekmekte ve su kaynaklarının korunmasınınsağlanması, konunun ön plana çıkarılmasıyla mümkünolabilir.Öğe Sırakaraağaçlar Deresinde (Sinop-Karadeniz Bölgesi) Anyonik Deterjan Kirliliğinin Araştırılması(2018) Gündoğdu, Ayşe; Gültepe, Erdi; Çarlı, UğurÇalışma Mayıs 2014 – Nisan 2015 tarihleri arasında Sinop il sınırları içerisinde bulunanSırakaraağaçlar deresinin anyonik deterjan kirliliği ve bazı fiziko-kimyasal özelliklerininpH, sıcaklık, iletkenlik, tuzluluk, çözünmüş oksijen (ÇO), toplam sertlik (TS), kimyasaloksijen ihtiyacı (KOİ), fosfat fosforu (PO4-3-P), toplam azot (TN)] belirlenmesi amacı ilegerçekleştirilmiştir. Bir yıllık ölçüm sonuçlarına göre anyonik deterjan konsantrasyonunminimum ve maksimum değerlerinin 0,02- 0,98 mg/l arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır.Sonuçlar, Türkiye'nin Su Kalitesi Yönetim Yönetmeliği kriterlerine (2008 ve 2016) göresınıflandırılmıştır. Sırakaraağaç dere suyunun pH, sıcaklık ve fosfor konsantrasyonlarınagöre yüksek kalitede ve hafif kirli su (sınıf I ve II) olarak belirlenmiştir. Toplam azot veKOİ parametreleri açısından yüksek kalitede (sınıf I) su olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca,dere suyu, anyonik deterjan konsantrasyonu ve DO değerlerine göre kirlenmiş suya (sınıfII ve III) eşdeğerdir. Anyonik deterjan konsantrasyonunun yüksek ve oksijen içeriğinindüşük olması suda yaşayan hassas organizmalar için tehlike oluşturabilir. Bu nedenlederenin suyu, özellikle anyonik deterjan ve DO açısından baskı altındadır. Çalışmanınsonuçları dereyi tehdit eden kirlilik kaynaklarının öncelikle insan ve tarımsal faaliyetleriiçeren çevresel faktörler olabileceğini göstermektedir.Öğe The accumulation of the heavy metals (copper and zinc) in the tissues of rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss Walbaum, 1792)(2008) Gündoğdu, Ayşe; Erdem, MuammerZinc and copper concentrations in the body tissues of rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss Walbaum 1792) exposed to different medium concentrations were determined for 30 days in this study. For this purpose, fish were exposed to 0 (control), 3, 5, 8, 10, 13 mg Zn/L and 0 (control), 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1 mg Cu/L concentrations in the water. At the end of the study period, the concentrations of zinc and copper in tissue were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The values of zinc in the whole body tissues were 1.41 (control), 113.70, 105.09, 161.18, 167.25, 178.66 μg/g (dry-weight) in the fish exposed to 0 (control), 3, 5, 8, 10, 13 mg Zn/L concentrations, respectively, while copper were 1.45 (control), 2.49, 3.41, 3.83, 3.91, 5.04 μg/g (dry-weight) in the fish exposed to 0 (control), 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1 mg Cu/L concentrations, respectively. The results of this study indicated that accumulation of zinc and copper in the body tissues had increased with increasing metal concentrations in the medium.Öğe The effects of dietary cadmium on growth, antioxidant defence system and feed evaluation performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)(2024) Gündoğdu, Ayşe; Burcu, FatmaThe present study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary cadmium exposure on growth performance, changes in manganese, zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, iron, selenium, and cad- mium metals in liver and muscle tissue, liver antioxidant enzymes, and the histology of the fish. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with weights of 39.45 ±1.13 g was used in the experiment conducted in 2 groups and three replicates. The Control group was fed a cadmium-free diet, and the Cadmium group was fed a diet containing 5.03 μg/kg of cadmium twice a day until satiation. It was determined that cadmium intake through the diet affected growth rate and the feed evalua- tion performance negatively. In fish exposed to cadmium, manganese, zinc, copper, calcium, mag- nesium, iron, selenium, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase values in both muscle and liver tissues were significantly (p<0.05) decreased, whereas cadmium levels in muscle and liver and malondialdehyde levels in liver were significantly (p<0.05) increased. The histo- pathological examination of the liver revealed that cadmium caused liver damage. These results showed that rainbow trout exposed to dietary cadmium were highly sensitive to the metal, and the decreased levels of metals such as copper, zinc, manganese, and selenium in the liver tissue, which are involved in the antioxidant defence system, can be considered an indicator of the weakening of the antioxidant defence system.Öğe The trace elements in the raft cultivated mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) from Sinop Peninsula, in the Southern Black Sea(Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 2008) Culha, Saniye Türk; Çelik, Meryem Yeşim; Culha, Mehmet; Karayücel, İsmihan; Gündoğdu, AyşeThe concentration of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the raft cultivated Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis from the Sinop Peninsula, in the Black Sea were investigated seasonally. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cu and Zn in the soft tissues were 2.53±0.19, 6.98±0.31 and 228.00±16.75 µg g 1 dry weights (dw), respectively. There were no significant differences between the metal concentrations among the seasons (p>0.05). Cd and Zn levels were higher than legislative limits, while Cu level was below. The Cd and Zn concentrations in cultivated area were danger to human health or human consumption.Öğe Toxicity of zinc, copper and lead to Idotea baltica (Crustacea, Isopoda)(Turkish Journal of Biology, 1999) Bat, Levent; Sezgin, Murat; Gündoğdu, Ayşe; Çulha, MehmetThe acute toxicity of zinc, copper and lead to the marine invertebrate Idotea baltica (Crustacea, Isopoda) was evaluated by static bioassays, calculating the LT 50 (lethality time for 50%) for males and females. Survival time decreased with increasing concentrations of zinc, copper and lead. Zinc was more toxic to Idotea than copper and lead. Lead was the least toxic of the metals tested.Öğe Trace Elements Concentrations and Human Health Risk Evaluation for Four Common Fish Species in Sinop Coasts (Black Sea)(2020) Gündoğdu, Ayşe; Culha, Saniye TurkIn the study, Trachurus trachurus, Engraulis encrasicolus, Merlangius merlangius euxinus, and Mullus barbatusfrom along the coast of Sinop were analysedfor the content of copper(Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni)and aluminium (Al) in the muscle. Zn, Pb and Cd concentrations were determined to be lightly higher than the acceptable rates in fish samples. The provisional tolerable daily and weekly intake of trace metals in our work were all under than the limits set by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization, while for Cd, only M. barbatuswas higher than FAO limits. E. encrasicolusand M. barbatushad the highest values for the collected total target danger section, but they did not posture a potential hazard within the diet of local residents. For carcinogenic and non carcinogenic risk assessment, the results were lower than the admissible rate of EPA. In the four fish species in the work, the Target cancer risk values of Ni were greater than 10-4, whereas the Target cancer risk values of Pb were smaller than 10-6. According to these results, it is thought that the Ni concentration in fish does pose a carcinogenic risk due to long-term and continuous consumption.
