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Öğe Effects of cadmium, copper, and zinc on germination and post-germination growth of chia seeds(Univ Zagreb, Fac Agriculture, 2025) Kichchou, Ilyass; Idahmed, Khalid; Farouk, Saad; El Modafar, Cherkaoui; Chakhchar, AbdelghaniIn recentyears, concerns regarding environmental pollution and its impact on agricultural production have intensified due to the ongoing dispersal of heavy metals. This study investigated the ecotoxicological effects of three heavy metals (cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)) on the germination and post-germination growth of chia (Salvia hispanica). Except for the notable 18.2% decrease in germination rate with Zn treatment on the first day, the germination rates of metallic-stressed chia seeds did not significantly differ from the control for the other metals. However, the parameters related to post-germination growth were negatively impacted in varied ways by the metal treatments, causing a significant hindrance in radicle elongation (ranging from 56.3% to 81.6%) and hypocotyl elongation (from 27.1% to 76.5%), as well as a notable decrease in both fresh and dry biomasses. The most significant reduction in radicle and hypocotyl elongation occurred with Zn and Cd treatment. The largest decrease in fresh and dry biomass was seen in the radicle and hypocotyl under Zn exposure. The tolerance index demonstrated that chia showed the greatest ecotoxicological tolerance to Cu, followed by Cd and Zn. This suggests that chia has potential for cultivation in polluted areas, particularly those contaminated with Cu.Öğe Exogenous α-tocopherol improves growth and some physio-biochemical responses of salt-affected common bean(Elsevier, 2025) Semmoudi, Oumaima; Cheggour, Mohamed; Farouk, Saad; Lamtaai, Hassan; El Modafar, Cherkaoui; Chakhchar, AbdelghaniSpraying alpha-tocopherol (alpha-toc) is an efficient approach to nullify salinity injuries on plants. A pot trial was done in a semi-controlled greenhouse to investigate the efficiency of foliar spraying 1 mM alpha-Toc on the modulation of salinity stress (150 mM NaCl) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Salinity stress significantly diminished plant growth, leaf water potential (Psi pd), Stomatal conductance (gs), relative water content (RWC), residual transpiration rate (RTR), chlorophylla and chlorophyllb concentration. This reduction was linked to a notable rise in epicuticular wax load (EWL), carotenoid, proline, soluble sugar, polyphenol, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. As compared to nontreated salt-affected plants, spraying of 1 mM alpha-Toc considerably enhanced growth features, Psi pd, gs, RWC, chlorophylla, and chlorophyllb while also decreasing RTR, EWL, carotenoid, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The data also show that spraying of alpha-Toc induces the accumulation of proline, soluble sugar, and polyphenol near untreated saltaffected plants, associated with a significant reduction in sodium content. Additionally, 1 mM alpha-Toc application decreased the number of significant correlations under salt stress. Current outcomes underscore the promise of alpha-Toc as a sustainable agronomic practice for cultivating common bean in saline soil. Further research must elucidate the precise molecular mechanisms underlying alpha-Toc's action in alleviating salt injury. Additional field studies are needed to validate these findings in varying climatic conditions.Öğe Exploring the Roles of Zeolite and Titanium on physio-anatomical Responses, Nutrient Uptake, and Yield Quality of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L. Cv. Spunta)(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2025) Farouk, Saad; Nada, Mohamed M.; Al Otaibi, Fatima A. A.; Ali, Esmat F.; Arafa, Sally A.Aligned with UN's 17th sustainable development goal of Zero Hunger, initiatives have focused on adopting innovative and cost-effective practices to boost crop productivity and preserve environment. Field trials were done throughout 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 seasons, to evaluate the role of zeolite (Ze, at 0, 4, 8 ton ha-1) and/or titanium dioxide (Ti at 0, 2.5, 5 mg l-1) on potato plant growth, leaflet anatomy, physio-biochemical attributes, yield, quality, and tuber vitamin B complex. Application of Ze or Ti alone had a significant impact on all characteristics, and their high level (8 ton ha-1 Ze or 5 mg l-1 Ti) was more beneficial than the low-level or untreated plants. Additionally, the tubers had the maximum content of vitamin B complex (nicotinic acid, thiamin, pyridoxine, riboflavin, cobalamin, and folic acid) once treated with 4 ton ha-1 Ze or 5 mg l-1 Ti, over other concentrations or untreated plants. Regarding the interactions, applying Ze (8 ton ha-1) with 5 mg l-1 Ti, had the supreme effect on the studied characters related to plant growth, biochemical attributes, leaflet anatomy, yield, and yield quality, over other combinations and control treatment. Alternatively, the treatment of Ze (4 ton ha-1) plus Ti (5 mg l-1) resulted in the highest levels of vitamin B complex over other treatments or control. For optimal potato yield and quality, it is recommended to add 8 ton ha-1 Ze during soil preparation and foliar spraying with 5 mg l-1 of Ti twice at 40 and 55 days from planting.Öğe Pipecolic Acid, a Drought Stress Modulator, Boosts Chlorophyll Assimilation, Photosynthetic Performance, Redox Homeostasis, and Osmotic Adjustment of Drought-Affected Hordeum vulgare L. Seedlings(Mdpi, 2025) Aktas, Nagihan; Farouk, Saad; Al-Ghamdi, Amal Ahmed Mohammed; Alenazi, Ahmed S.; Almalki, Mona Abdulaziz Labeed; Dinler, Burcu SeckinWhile pipecolic acid (Pip) mediates morpho-physiological and molecular responses during biotic stress, its roles under drought remain an inexpressible mystery. The investigation aimed to elucidate the roles of a 30 mu M Pip pretreatment in alleviating drought injury on barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv, B & uuml;lb & uuml;l89) seedlings. Pip pretreatment under normal or drought conditions lowered the osmotic potential (Psi s) and water saturation deficit (WSD), while optimizing the relative water content (RWC), triggered osmotically energetic molecules (OEM) and salicylic acid (SA) accumulation, improving osmotic adjustment (OA), and boosting water retention and uptake capacity (WTC, and WUC), alongwith a considerable improvement in seedling growth over non-treated plants under such conditions. Additionally, Pip pretreatment improved chlorophyll (Chl), the chlorophyll stability index (CSI), pheophytina, chlorophyllidea (chlidea), chlorophyllideb (chlideb), chla/chlidea, chlb/chlideb, protoporphyrin, Mg-protoporphyrin, protochlorophyllide, and photosynthetic performance over non-treated plants under such conditions. Pip pretreatment preserves redox homeostasis in drought-stressed plants by accumulating antioxidant solutes alongside the activation of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase over non-treated plants. Drought distinctly reduced Psi s (more negative), RWC, photosynthetic pigment, CSI, chlorophyll assimilation intermediate, and photosynthetic performance, with an increment in chlorophyll degradation intermediate and nonenzymatic antioxidant solutes. Drought maintains OA capacity via a hyper-accumulation of OEM and SA, which results in higher WSD, WTC, and WUC. Drought triggered an oxidative burst, which was associated with a decline in the membrane stability index. These findings highlight Pip's capability for lessening drought stress-induced restriction in barley seedlings via bolstering oxidative homeostasis, OA capacity, and stabilizing chlorophyll biosynthesis. Future research must elucidate the precise molecular mechanisms underlying Pip's action in alleviating drought injury.
