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    n-3 LC-PUFA Enrichment Protocol for Red Earthworm, Eisenia fetida: A Cheap and Sustainable Method
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2021) Kumlu, Metin; Beksari, Asuman; Yilmaz, Hatice Asuman; Sariipek, Merve; Kinay, Enes; Turchini, Giovanni M.; Eroldogan, Orhan Tufan
    This study assessed the potential of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) enrichment in red earthworm (Eisenia fetida, REW), via the addition of fish oil (FO, anchovy oil) to the culture-compost. FO addition to compost was tested at graded inclusion doses (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 g/100 g compost) and for different time-periods, up to 96 h. Dose, time, as well as dose and time interactions of FO compost enrichment had significant effects on all fatty acids of earthworm bodies. The enrichment with 10 g FO/100 g compost sharply increased DHA levels of the worms (14.01 mol%) within just 24 h, compared to the control group (0.92 mol%). Similar increases (ranging between 10.99 and 15.55 mol%) occurred only after 48 and 96 h in lower FO enrichment levels (2.5 and 5.0 g/100 g compost, respectively). Therefore, it was concluded that, to obtain maximum n-3 LC-PUFA enrichment efficiency in REW, an enrichment period of 24 h is ideal and recommended for the 10 g FO/100 g compost, whereas longer enrichment periods (48-96 h) are more suitable for lower levels of FO inclusions (2.5 or 5 g/100 g compost).
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    Response of Fatty Acid Composition of the Green Tiger Shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus During the Overwintering Period
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2019) Kumlu, Metin; Kinay, Enes; Yilmaz, Hatice Asuman; Beksari, Asuman; Eroldogan, Orhan Tufan; Sariipek, Merve
    Response of proximate and fatty acid (FA) composition of the green tiger shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus in relation to changing water temperatures during over wintering (for 8-weeks at 11-16 degrees C) and then refeeding periods (at 28 degrees C for a further 2-weeks) was investigated in this study. The shrimps did not appear to need to catabolise their either body proteins or lipids during the overwintering period, as the feeding was not ceased completely. While muscle protein, ash and dry matter compositions of the shrimps did not change by changing temperature, lipid increased from 1% during the overwintering period to 1.2% during the recovery period (P<0.01). Saturated FAs (SFA), mono-unsaturated FAs (MUFA), and partially poly-unsaturated FAs (n-6 PUFA) declined, on the contrary, n-3 PUFA significantly rose in the muscle and hepatopacreas during the cold exposure. Shrimps tended to consume especially SFA and, to a lesser degree, MUFA under sub-optimal conditions (P<0.01). PUFA and LC-PUFA appeared to be selectively retained or even elevated in the shrimp muscle during the cold season. Over wintering strategy might generate additional benefit for a heathier food supply for human nutrition, as shrimps can be enriched for LC-PUFA, by simply keeping them under cold water temperatures (10-15 degrees C) during overwintering period, with minimal cost of feeding.
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    Use of Poultry By-product and Plant Protein Sources in Diets of Redclaw (Cherax quadricarinatus)
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2022) Eroldogan, Orhan Tufan; Elsabagh, Mabrouk; Sevgili, Huseyin; Glencross, Brett; Paolucci, Marina; Kumlu, Metin; Kinay, Enes
    A total of 300 juvenile crayfish (13.0 +/- 0.03 g) were randomly distributed among 5 dietary groups (n=60, 3 replicates) held within 15 x 500 L-1 fiberglass tanks connected to a recirculation system (RAS), at 20 crayfish per tank. Each group was fed for 12 weeks one of five experimental diets where the main protein sources were: 1) control, fish-meal-based diet (FM, 48% of the diet); 2) 10% FM + 52.5% poultry by-product meal (PoM); 3) 34.5% soybean meal + 34.5% corn gluten meal (Pmix); 4) 34.5% PoM + 32.soybean/corn gluten meal mix (PoM/Pmix); and 5) 10% FM + 27.5% soybean + 27.5% corn gluten meal (FM/Pmix). The results demonstrated that there were no significant differences among diets in terms of growth and feed utilization efficiency. Muscle amino acid profile of redclaw crayfish fed the FM diet had the highest level of total essential amino acids, followed by FM/PMix, Pmix, PoM/Pmix, and PoM diets. Particularly, in all experimental groups, the highest essential amino acids (EAA) were lysine, arginine, and leucine. Based on these findings, we conclude that redclaw can perform well with FM-free vegetable diets and PoM-based diets although more research is needed into the total composition of EAA and FA in muscle.