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    A histopathological and stereological study of the effects of acetylsalicylic acid on doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in mice
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Gokce, Ayse Basardi; Eren, Banu; Sagir, Dilek; Yilmaz, Burcu Demirel
    Doxorubicin (Dox) is an anthracycline antibiotic with antineoplastic activity. Acetylsalicylic acid (Asa) is recommended for use as a prophylactic for thromboembolism during treatment of cancers. We investigated liver toxicity due to combined use of Dox and Asa in chemotherapy regimens. We used 140 Swiss albino mice divided into four main groups: control, Dox, Asa, and Dox + Asa. Each group was subdivided into seven subgroups based on time of sacrifice, i.e., 6, 12, 24, 48 h and 7, 14, 21 days. Quantitative and histopathological changes in liver were assessed by light microscopy and stereology. The portal triad area of the Dox and Dox + Asa groups was increased significantly compared to controls at 6 h, whereas in the Asa group, the means were similar to controls. Assessment of histopathology indicated an increased time-dependent degeneration and necrosis of liver tissues in mice in the Dox and Dox + Asa groups. The protective effects of Asa were not evident in Dox + Asa group. When Dox and Asa were administered together, degenerative changes were greater than for in the group that was given Dox alone. We found that Asa and Dox combined therapy increased tissue damage.
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    Histological Evaluation of the Protective Role of ß-glucan Against Cisplatin-Induced Hepatotoxicity
    (Karamanoglu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi, 2024) Yilmaz, Burcu Demirel; Eren, Banu; Sagir, Dilek; Basardi, Ayse; Mercan, Sevcan
    Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of many cancers. The most important dose-limiting side effect is hepatotoxicity. Some studies have shown that antioxidant treatment with cisplatin reduces the toxic effect. In the present study, we were aimed to investigate the protective effects of antioxidant ß-glucan on histological injury caused by cisplatin treatment in the liver. Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups according to time of sacrifice, 7th day and 14th day (n=20 rats each). Both groups were then divided into four sub-groups Control, Cisplatin (10 mg/kg bw), ß-glucan (100 mg/kg bw) and cisplatin+ß-glucan (n=5 in each group). The rats were sacrificed at the 7th day and 14th day after the last injection. The liver sections were evaluated under a light microscope after the histological procedure. Histological injury caused by cisplatin in different days were evaluated as as sinusoidal congestion, hydropic degeneration, disorganization of hepatic cords, and mononuclear cellular infiltration in liver. When ß-glucan was administered with cisplatin, it was determined that cellular damage caused by cisplatin decreased considerably in the liver in the different days groups. The light microscopic examination showed that the antioxidant beta-glucan protects against hepatotoxicity caused by cisplatin with its free radical scavenging effect. In conclusion, ß-glucan may improve patients' quality of life by reducing cisplatin's toxicity on the liver.
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    Inhibition of acrolein-induced apoptosis by the antioxidant selenium
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2020) Gokce, Ayse Basardi; Eren, Banu; Sagir, Dilek; Yilmaz, Burcu Demirel
    In this study, the effects of a potent antioxidant, selenium, on apoptosis induced by acrolein, a cytotoxic and genotoxic environmental pollutant, were investigated by immunohistochemical and electron microscopic methods. One hundred adult male Wistar albino rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into four main groups: control, acrolein, selenium, and acrolein + selenium. The animals in the experimental groups were given 1 mg/kg/day selenium and 4 mg/kg/day acrolein daily for 7 days by gavage. After drug administration, each group was divided into subgroups according to the time they were to be euthanized: 12th hour, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 5th day. The rats in each group at the determined time were euthanized and their livers were removed. Routine histological procedures were performed for light and electron microscopy examinations. After applying the Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay on the liver sections, apoptotic index values were calculated. Comparing the liver sections of the rats in the acrolein group and the control group, acrolein was found to cause a significant increase in the apoptotic index. The apoptotic index values of the acrolein + selenium group decreased compared to the acrolein group. In the electron microscopic examinations, apoptotic findings were observed in the liver tissues of the rats given acrolein, such as chromatin condensation in the nucleus of hepatocytes, dilatations in the perinuclear space, and cytoplasmic vacuolization. These apoptotic findings were not observed in the acrolein + selenium group after the 12th hour. These findings show that selenium may potentially be useful as a protective agent for people exposed to acrolein.
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    Possible protective role of selenium against liver toxicity induced by cadmium in rats
    (2021) Deniz, Ömür Gülsüm; Eren, Banu; Sağır, Dilek
    The present study aimed to investigate the histological changes in the liver induced by cadmium and to determine the possible preventive effects of selenium on the detrimental effects of cadmium under light microscopy. Sixty adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups as cadmium, selenium, cadmium+selenium, and control groups, each containing fifteen rats. After rats were given cadmium and selenium via gavage, their livers were removed following cardiac perfusion procedure on days 1, 6, and 28. After livers were fixated with 10% buffered neutral formalin and routine histological procedures were applied. Sections were stained with Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) Masson’s trichrome, and periodical acid-Schiff (PAS) techniques. Results have shown that cadmium has caused hydropic degeneration in the liver, expanding in sinusoids and increases in foci of inflammation and activated Kupffer cells. In groups that were given only selenium, no obvious changes were observed in the liver except for mild expansion in the sinusoid. In groups that were given cadmium and selenium together, fewer histological changes were observed when compared with groups given only cadmium. These results revealed that selenium may exhibit a protective effect against the oxidative stress in the liver caused by cadmium.
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    Stereological examination of curcumin's effects on hippocampal damage caused by the anti-epileptic drugs phenobarbital and valproic acid in the developing rat brain
    (Elsevier Gmbh, 2019) Yilmaz, Burcu Demirel; Eren, Banu; Sagir, Dilek; Eren, Zafer; Gokce, Ayse Basardi
    The anti-epileptic drugs phenobarbital and valproic acid have an extremely strong negative effect on cognitive processes such as learning and memory in the developing brain. We examined whether or not curcumin has protective effects on neuronal injury caused by these drugs in the developing rat brain. Young male Wistar rats were studied in two groups, a 7 days old and a 14 days old group (35 rats in each). Both groups were then divided into 7 sub-groups as the control, curcumin, dimethylsulfoxide, phenobarbital, valproic acid, phenobarbital + curcumin, and valproic acid + curcumin groups (n = 5 in each group). At 24 h after the intraperitoneal injection of the compounds, the rats were sacrificed, and the hippocampal tissue was subjected to stereological analysis with the optical fractionation method. Total numbers of neurons in the hippocampus of the 7 days old and 14 days old rats were calculated. It was found that treatment with phenobarbital resulted in a loss of 43% of the neurons, and valproic acid induced a loss of 57% of the neurons in the 7 days old rats. Curcumin prevented this loss significantly with only 19% in the phenobarbital group and 41% in the valproic acid group. In the 14 days old rat groups, phenobarbital was found to reduce the number of neurons by 30%, and valproic acid reduced it by 38%. Curcumin treatment limited neuronal loss to 3% in the phenobarbital + curcumin group and 10% in the valproic acid + curcumin group. These data strongly indicate that curcumin is a protective agent and prevents hippocampal neuronal damage induced by phenobarbital and valproic acid treatment.
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    THE COMPARATIVE HISTOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF ACRIDA ANATOLICA AND PARAPHOLIDOPTERA SPINULOSA (ORTHOPTERA)
    (Mümin POLAT, 2019) Eren, Banu; Basar, Fatih; Sagir, Dilek; Yilmaz, Burcu Demirel; Mercan, Sevcan; Eren, Zafer
    Acrida anatolica and Parapholidopteraspinulosa are two different species of migratory caterpiller in the samefamily and both are threats to agriculture. They areharmful, they migrate andspread wide areas. Herbivorous Acridaanatolicahas strong chewy mouth part, mandibula is considered to be thebasic insect mouth type. Parapholidopteraspinulosa a carnivorous species, has a strong chewing gut. The purpose ofthis study is to compare the structures of the digestive tracts of these species.The digestive tract is divided into three parts, the foregut, midgut, and thehindgut. The prismatic epithelium, external circular and longitudinal muscles,connective tissue, granular structures and peritrophic membrane are the partsof the foregut. The caeceum is also found in this portion.The grasshoppers werecollected from the Ondokuz Mayis University Campus and kept in special containersand fed with wheat grass, fresh grass and with different insects. During thedissection process, the digestive tracts were removed and tissues were fixedwith 10% buffered neutral formalin solution for 24 hours. After routinehistological procedures, the sections were stained withhematoxylin-eosin (H-E).Foregut, midgut and hindgut were comparatively examined in terms of peritrophicmembrane, epithelial tissue, cell size, nucleus size, circular and longitudinalmuscles, connective tissue, regenerative cells and cellular diversity.            The knowledge of grasshopper histology and embryologywill contribute to the development of more efficient fighting with grasshoppersand the development of agricultural plant protection products.