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Öğe ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL-DEPENDENT SALT TOLERANCE IS MORE RELATED WITH AUXIN SYNTHESIS RATHER THAN ENHANCEMENT ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE IN SOYBEAN ROOTS(Akademiai Kiado Rt, 2017) Sereflioglu, Seda; Dinler, Burcu Seckin; Tasci, EdaIn this paper, we describe the alleviated effects of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) on oxidative damage and its possible role as a signal transmitter in plants during salt stress. The results show that exogenously applied alpha-T under salt stress increased root length and weight, but reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion radical (O-2 center dot(-)) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in soybean roots. The proline content was reduced by alpha-T treatment. Interestingly, endogenous auxin (IAA) level was significantly increased after alpha-T application as compared to salt stress alone. Moreover, alpha-T reduced significantly superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme and isoenzyme activity but upregulated peroxidase (POX) 2, 3 and glutathione-stransferase (GST) 1, 3 isoenzyme expression. However, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activity was not affected at all. Consequently, the results show that alpha-T serves as a signal molecule under salinity from leaves to roots by increasing remarkably endogenous IAA levels and increasing partially antioxidant activity in roots.Öğe BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF ARSENIC STRESS IN THE LEAVES OF HALOPHYTE Cakile maritima (SCOP.) PLANTS UNDER SALINITY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2013) Demir, Emel; Dinler, Burcu Seckin; Ozdener, YaseminThe aim of the study was to determine the biochemical responses which were not investigated before, the combined effects of arsenic and salt stress in the leaves of Cakile maritima (Scop.). Therefore, product of lipit peroxidation (MDA, malondialdehyde), proline content, nonprotein thiol, ascorbate, dehydroascorbate and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes as ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) were reported. The MDA content was increased at 24 h but it was more at 96 h under salt stress alone. Otherwise the combined effect of arsenic and salt stress increased the malondialdehyde content at 24 h more than salt stress alone. APX activity was not changed under all treatment while CAT enzyme was decreased at 24 h. The proline content was increased only at 96 h under salt stress alone while it did not change under arsenic and salt stress. Nevertheless, the ascorbate content was not changed under all treatments. The ratio of ascorbate/dehydroascorbate was decreased at 24 h but not significiantly at 96 h under salinity. Otherwise it was decreased at 24 h and increased at 96 h under arsenic and salt treatment lead to reduction of the increased MDA content according to 24 h. From these results, it can be suggested that salinity with arsenic stress induced oxidative damage more seriously than salt stress alone with unchanged enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants in the leaves of Cakile maritima is a plant succulent halophyte.Öğe COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOCHEMICAL CONTENT, ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L. SPECIES IS GROWN IN T?RK?YE(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2023) Gul, Volkan; Cetinkaya, Hatice; Dinler, Burcu Seckin; Sefaoglu, FiratMany external factors, such as climatic conditions, geographical differences, and altitude, directly affect the primary and secondary metabolites and therapeutic use of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), an important plant in alternative medicine. This study was carried out to identify the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and the content of proline, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and total phenolic in the St. John's Wort growing naturally in different regions of Bayburt. The St. John's Wort samples were collected from 11 different locations. As a result of the analyses carried out on the plant samples, it was found that the content of proline was within the range of 4.6-8.2 mu mol g-1 DW, the amount of malondialdehyde was within the range of 0.69-1.10 nmol g-1 DW, the amount of hydrogen peroxide was within the range of 79.89-155.49 mu mol g-1 DW, the amount of flavonoids was within the range of 91.38%100.27%, the amount of anthocyanin was within the range of 0.15-1.11 mkmol g-1 DW, the total phenolic content was within the range of 15.82-45.22 mg GAE g-1, and the antioxidant activity was within the range of 6.07-105.60 mu g mL-1.In conclusion, although the biochemical contents and nonenzymatic antioxidant activities showed a wide variety, the antioxidant activity was found to be higher in samples 5, 8, and 11. According to the antimicrobial activity results, some plant extracts were effective on bacteria and fungi, especially samples 5, 6, 8, and 11 showed an effect at the concentration of 200 mu g mL-1. This study, the first regional study on this subject, will contribute to future research and clinical trials in the health field.Öğe Comparative Analysis of Defence Response of Soybean by Seed Soaking in Gibberellic Acid to Salinity(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2020) Dinler, Burcu Seckin; Gul, VolkanThe present study was conducted to determine the effects of gibberellic acid (GA(3)) presoaking of soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds on the biomass yield, regulation of reactive oxygen species and some antioxidant enzyme activities in radicle, hypocotyl and cotyledons under salinity. Within this scope, the seeds were subjected to priming with 150 ppm GA(3) for 6 h at room temperature. Then, 150 mM NaCl was added in a group and the control was not primed with GA(3). The results dearly revealed that salt stress caused a slight induction of biomass yield of radicle and hypocotyl, photosynthetic pigments in cotyledon, reactive oxygen species content in all organs. Moreover, GA(3) pretreatment alleviated salt-induced oxidative damage by maintaining superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzyme activities in soybean plants. This study firstly elucidates the effects of GA(3) priming on the comparative response mechanisms to salinity with different organs of soybean plants.Öğe DEHYDROABIETIC ACID MEDIATED WRKY71 GENE EXPRESSIONS AND REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES REGULATION IN SOYBEAN UNDER SALINITY(Polska Akad Nauk, Polish Acad Sciences, Pas Branch Cracow, 2020) Tasci, Eda; Dinler, Burcu SeckinDehydroabietic acid R=COOH (DHA), a naturally occuring diterpene resin acid, is an activator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) under biotic stress. However, there had been no report on its functioning under salinity. In the present study, we determined the effects of DHA on salinity and its possible role as a signal transmitter in soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves under salinity (200 mM NaCl). Furthermore, physiological parameters, chlorophyll, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, superoxide (O-2(-)) and hydroxyl radical ((OH)-O-center dot) scavenge capacity, as well as antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POX, APX and GST) and GmWRKY-71 gene expressions were investigated in the treated plants at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h. The obtained results showed that pretreatment of DHA caused (1) a reduction in salt-induced damage, (2) improvement in biomass yield, water status, chlorophyll and leaf area, (3) regulation of the proline level and relative electrolyte leakage, (4) increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, (5) induction of SOD and APX enzyme activity at all the investigated periods, while POX only at 6 h, and thus alleviation of the oxidative damage. In addition, the changes in GmWRKY-71 gene expressions were remarkable in soybean under salinity. To sum up, these results showed that DHA can be used as a ROS inhibitor or a signal molecule in increasing salt tolerance in soybean under salinity.Öğe DIFFERENT RESPONSES IN ACCLIMATED AND NON-ACCLIMATED PROCESSES OF SOYBEAN LEAVES TO SALINITY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2014) Aksoy, Merve; Dinler, Burcu SeckinThe aim of the study is to determine different responses, occurring during the process of acclimation and non-acclimation in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) leaves which was not investigated before. With this aim, relative water content (RWC), relative growth rate (RGR), shoot length, lipid peroxidation and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes ((catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.8.1.7)) were reported. In the experiment, the first group was exposed to an acclimation treatment (plants were watered with 100 mM NaCl from germination to leaf stage) and a second group was given a non-acclimated treatment (plants were watered with dIH(2)O from germination to leaf stage). After that, both groups were watered with 200 mM NaCl in a Hoagland solution for 7 days). The product of lipid peroxidation, MDA content, was increased in both groups but it was more pronounced in the non-acclimated group. The activities of CAT, APX and GR increased significantly in both groups, but this increase was higher in the acclimated group. As a result, acclimation process to salt stress was beneficial for soybean leaves by protecting them from oxidative damage with lower MDA content and higher enzyme activities of CAT, APX and GR.Öğe Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles against salt and heat stress in safflower cultivars(Soc Botanica Brasil, 2024) Dinler, Burcu Seckin; Cetinkaya, Hatice; Koc, Fatma Nur; Gul, Volkan; Sefaoglu, FiratThis study aimed to determine the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2NP) pretreatment on seeds of different safflower cultivars (Balci, Dincer) under salt and heat stresses. The apparent effects on stress markers (malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (O2 center dot-) content), as well as changes in germination and physiological parameters (radicle and plumula weight and length measurements), were investigated. TiO2NP pretreatment caused an increase in radicle length and plumula fresh weight for the Balci cultivar under salinity. Furthermore, plumula dry weight was alleviated with TiO2NP pretreatment for both cultivars. TiO2NP pretreatment improved plumula dry and fresh weights for both cultivars under heat stress. In addition, MDA content decreased for both cultivars under heat stress but only for Balci under salt stress. The amount of O2 center dot- radicals positively affected only the radicle for both cultivars under heat stress. This study is the first to document the alleviation of salt stress damage for the Balci safflower cultivar, and protection for both Balci and Dincer cultivars under heat stress, using 200 ppm TiO2NP pretreatment.Öğe Interplay between GST and nitric oxide in the early response of soybean (Glycine max L.) plants to salinity stress(Elsevier Gmbh, 2014) Dinler, Burcu Seckin; Antoniou, Chrystalla; Fotopoulos, VasileiosGlutathione-s-transferases (GSTs) and nitric oxide (NO) have both been implicated in the response of plants to salinity stress. However, their interplay and underlying mechanisms are relatively unknown. The present study attempts to provide new insight into the time course effects of NO application on GST biosynthesis regulation in Glycine max L. leaves under salt stress. A 150 mu M concentration of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a widely used NO donor, was sprayed on soybean seedlings for two days at 24 h intervals, followed by application of 200 mM NaCl. The relative water content (RWC), total chlorophyll content (CHL), stomatal conductance (g(s)), ABA content, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide content (H2O2), along with GST enzyme and isoenzyme activities and GST1 and GST4 transcript levels were determined at 0 h, 6 h and 12 h after stress imposition. The results indicated that salt treatment alone did not alter MDA, H2O2 or ABA content and stomatal conductance in soybean leaves, most likely due to short-term (6 h and 12 h) application, although lower RWC and CHL were recorded. SNP treatment alone increased ABA content and reduced stomatal conductance, but did not change RWC, CHL, MDA (except at 12 h) and H2O2. However, exogenous SNP application protected soybean leaves from salt stress by increasing RWC, CHL and ABA content, as well as by lowering stomatal conductance in order to maintain water balance. A significant increase in GST activity was recorded under salt stress alone at 6 h. Conversely, SNP application lowered GST activity in soybean leaves at 0 h and 12 h, while it increased at 6 h, supported by GST isoenzyme activities. Thus, it could be suggested that exogenous NO application induced GST activity in an ABA-dependent manner, while GST activity could also be induced by salt stress independent of ABA. In addition, SNP pre-treatment in salt-stressed seedlings lowered GST activity at 6 h and 12 h, in line with the GST isoenzyme expression profile. Finally, GST1 and GST4 transcript levels were significantly induced in both salt-stressed and SNP pre-treated and subsequently stressed samples at 6 h and 12 h, while a more variable regulation pattern was observed in plants treated only with SNP. Overall, our findings suggest that both NO and salt stress act as potent regulators of GST gene and enzyme expression through both ABA-dependent and independent pathways. (C) 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Öğe PACLOBUTRAZOL DEPENDENT SALT TOLERANCE IS RELATED TO CLC1 AND NHX1 GENE EXPRESSION IN SOYBEAN PLANTS(Univ Life Sciences Lublin, 2022) Dinler, Burcu Seckin; Cetinkaya, Hatice; Sergiev, Iskren; Shopova, Elena; Todorova, DessislavaPaclobutrazol (PBZ) enhances plant resistance to salt stress in two ways: directly, by straight clearance of reactive oxygen species; and indirectly by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic efficiency, and metabolite content, and by regulating transcription factors associated with stress. However, the regulatory effects of PBZ under salt stress in soybean are still not well explained and need further investigation. With this aim, the combination effect of salinity (250 mM NaCl) and three different doses of PBZ (5, 10 and 20 ppm) on physiological, biochemical and molecular traits of soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves were studied in soil experiments. Furthermore, physiological parameters (relative growth rate, relative water content), chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and as well as enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, POX, APX, CAT and GST), ion content (Na, Cl) and soybean Na+/H+ antiporter GmNHX1 and chloride channel GmCLC1 gene expressions were investigated. The results showed that PBZ caused a reduction in salt-induced damages and an increase in biomass yield, water status, and chlorophyll. Moreover, PBZ regulated enzymatic antioxidants and alleviated the oxidative damages under salinity. In this study, for a first time it was determined that PBZ increased both GmNHX1 (ABA dependent or independent) and GmCLC1 (ABA independent) gene expressions and reduced Na and Cl concentrations in soybean under salinity. In conclusion, PBZ plays a role as a regulator and stimulant in salt stress response by mostly regulating ion balance in soybean leaves.Öğe PACLOBUTRAZOL INDUCED NON-ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANTS AND POLYAMINE LEVELS IN SOYBEAN PLANTS GROWN UNDER SALINITY STRESS(Nature Research Centre, 2021) Dinler, Burcu Seckin; Cetinkaya, Hatice; Sergiev, Iskren; Shopova, Elena; Todorova, DessislavaPaclobutrazol (PBZ) is a member of the triazole family of plant growth regulators and is known to protect crops from environmental stresses such as salinity and drought. It plays a role in maintaining water balance, photosynthesis capacity and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. Despite the well-documented effects of PBZ on antioxidant defence in soybean plants, the changes in non-enzymatic antioxidants and endogenous polyamines in the PBZ-treated plants grown under salinity stress are still not studied. Herewith, the study aimed to clarify the effects of PBZ on these molecules. For this purpose, the combined effect of salt (250 mM NaCl) and three different concentrations of PBZ (5, 10 and 20 ppm) on soybean (Glycine max L.) plants were studied. Proline, hydroxyl radical (OH.) scavenging capacity, non-enzymatic antioxidants (anthocyanin, flavonoid, phenolic and free thiol-containing compounds) and polyamines spermine, spermidine, and putrescine were investigated in the treated plants. We found that the PBZ (10 ppm) treatment was the most effective concentration to counteract oxidative stress due to NaCl in soybean seedlings. It significantly increased hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, proline, total phenolics, flavonoids, and conjugated polyamine content compared to those found in salt-treated plants only. For the first time, our study showed that PBZ could induce the non-enzymatic antioxidant defence in soybean plants grown under salt stress conditions. © 2021, Nature Research Centre. All rights reserved.Öğe Physiological and proteome studies of responses to heat stress during grain filling in contrasting wheat cultivars(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2015) Wang, Xiao; Dinler, Burcu Seckin; Vignjevic, Marija; Jacobsen, Susanne; Wollenweber, BerndExperiments to explore physiological and biochemical differences of the effects of heat stress in ten wheat (Triticum aestivum L) cultivars have been performed. Based on the response of photosynthesis rates, cell membrane lipid peroxide concentrations and grain yield to heat, six cultivars were clustered as heat-tolerant (cv. '579', cv. '810', cv. '1110', cv. Terice, cv. Taifun and cv. Vinjett) and four as heat-sensitive (cv. '490', cv. '633', cv. '1039' and cv. '1159'). Higher rates of photosynthetic carbon- and light-use were accompanied by lower damage to cell membranes in leaves of tolerant compared to sensitive cultivars under heat stress. The tolerant cv. '810' and the sensitive cv. '1039' were selected for further proteome analysis of leaves. Proteins related to photosynthesis, glycolysis, stress defence, heat shock and ATP production were differently expressed in leaves of the tolerant and sensitive cultivar under heat stress in relation to the corresponding control. The abundance of proteins related to signal transduction, heat shock, photosynthesis, and antioxidants increased, while the abundance of proteins related to nitrogen metabolism decreased in the tolerant cv. '810' under heat stress as compared to the control. Collectively, the results indicate that primarily changes in both the amount and activities of enzymes involved in photosynthesis and antioxidant activities in leaves contributed to higher heat tolerance in the cv. '810' compared to the heat sensitive cv. '1039'. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Pipecolic acid in plants: biosynthesis, signalling, and role under stress(Nature Research Centre, 2022) Koc, Fatma Nur; Dinler, Burcu SeckinPlants protect themselves by developing defensive responses against various biotic and abiotic stress factors throughout their lives. As a result, they create a stress response called ʻsystemic acquired resistance’ (SAR) under pathogen infection. Pipecolic acid is one of the critical signalling molecules in regulating systemic acquired resistance, and it is a product of L-lysine metabolism in all organisms. It is synthesised not only by plants but also by microorganisms, animals and fungi. Many studies have been carried out to understand pipecolic acid’s biosynthesis, transport and role in plants under biotic stress. But recent studies report that pipecolic acid also functions as a stress response in plants under abiotic stress. This paper reviews the historical development of studies on pipecolic acid, its biosynthesis, and its function in plants under stress conditions and systemic acquired resistance. © 2022, Nature Research Centre. All rights reserved.Öğe PRE-TREATMENT OF FULVIC ACID PLAYS A STIMULANT ROLE IN PROTECTION OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX L.) LEAVES AGAINST HEAT AND SALT STRESS(Polska Akad Nauk, Polish Acad Sciences, Pas Branch Cracow, 2016) Dinler, Burcu Seckin; Gunduzer, Esra; Tekinay, TurgayThe purpose of this study was to illuminate the effects of fulvic acid in plants' stress signaling pathway. 2.0 mg/l fulvic acid was sprayed on soybean leaves for 3 days at 12 h intervals, followed by treatment of 150 mM NaCl or exposed to heat stress at 35 degrees C for 2 h over 2 days. Pre-treatment with fulvic acid increased the relative water content (RWC), antioxidant enzyme, isoenzyme activities (SOD, APX, GST), as well as alleviated the stress-induced oxidative damage by decreasing the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, the application of fulvic acid under salt stress induced rubisco expression only at 12 h, while it induced the expression of cytochrome c oxidase at 6 h and 12 h. On the other hand, fulvic acid under heat stress induced significant expression of both rubisco and cytochrome c oxidase at 6 h and 12 h. However, under high salinity conditions, fulvic acid suppressed the transcript levels of Hsp70, while it induced increases in Hsp70 levels under heat treatment at 6 h. As a result, in this study, fulvic acid played the role of a regulator and stimulant in stress response of soybean leaves.Öğe REGULATION OF AUXIN, ABSCISIC ACID AND SALICYLIC ACID LEVELS BY ASCORBATE APPLICATION UNDER HEAT STRESS IN SENSITIVE AND TOLERANT MAIZE LEAVES(Akademiai Kiado Zrt, 2014) Dinler, Burcu Seckin; Demir, Emel; Kompe, Yasemin OzdenerIn the present study, the effect of ascorbic acid (5 mM) on some physiological parameters and three hormones (auxin, abscisic acid, salicylic acid) was determined under heat stress (40 degrees C) in maize tolerant cv. (MAY 69) and sensitive cv. SHEMAL (SH) at 0 h, 4 h and 8 h. Heat stress reduced total chlorophyll content (CHL), relative water content (RWC) and stomatal conductance (g(s)) in SH but did not lead to changes in MAY 69 at 4 h and 8 h. However, pretreatment with ascorbic acid increased (CHL), (RWC) and (g(s)) in SH under heat stress while it reduced MDA content significantly in both cv. We also observed that heat stress led to a reduction in SA level but increased ABA and IAA levels in SH, whereas it increased SA and IA levels but did not change ABA level in MAY 69 at 4 h. Furthermore, in SH, ASC application under heat stress increased SA level and decreased IAA and ABA levels at 4 h, but it had no effect on SA and ABA at 8 h.Öğe The Effect of Different Doses of Salt Stress on Germination and Emergence in Cannabis ( Cannabis sativa L.) Seed Treated with Pre-Salicylic Acid(Inst Tecnologia Parana, 2024) Gul, Volkan; Sefaoglu, Firat; Cetinkaya, Hatice; Dinler, Burcu SeckinIt is known that salinity stress, one of the abiotic stress factors, significantly limits the germination, growth, development, and crop yield of plants. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of salinity (control, 50, 100 ve 150 mM) on seed germination and the effect of salicylic acid (control, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 ve 1.00 mM) on seed germination to improve salt tolerance in cannabis seeds. The physiological characteristics of the plant, such as germination percentage, germination duration, germination index, radicle length, plumule length, wet radicle weight, dry radicle weight, wet plumule weight, and dry plumule weight, were analyzed. Depending on the salinity application dose, it was observed that there was a significant decrease in the germination parameters of cannabis seeds compared to the control. It was observed that salicylic acid treatments under salinity stress positively affected all the characters examined and reduced germination arrest due to increasing concentration levels. Although it is recommended to prepare seeds with 0.5 mM salicylic acid pre-application dose against salt stress of the cannabis plant,it is essential to expand the studies on its transfer to practice. As a result, salicylic acid will provide positive results that can be transferred to practice by increasing the resistance of cannabis plants against salinity, especially in agricultural soils with salt problems, as it will be more sensitive to pests and diseases.Öğe The regulation of glutathione s-transferases by gibberellic acid application in salt treated maize leaves(Springer, 2023) Dinler, Burcu Seckin; Cetinkaya, Hatice; Secgin, ZaferPlant hormones and antioxidant system changes occur during plants' exposure to stress conditions. Although the interactions of some plant hormones (abscisic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, nitric oxide, and ethylene) with the glutathione s-transferase (GST) enzyme, which is one of the antioxidant enzymes, have already been reported, the influence of gibberellic acid (GA(3)) on this enzyme under saline conditions has not yet been reported. Plant material for the experiments was obtained from M14G144 cultivar of maize (Zea mays L.) plants grown as a soil culture in growth chambers at 22 & DEG;C, 65-70% moisture, 16-h light/8-h dark conditions, and with full strength Hoagland solution for 8 days under controlled growth conditions. Then, the plants were exposed to salt stress (350 mM NaCl and 100, 300, and 500 ppm GA(3)) simultaneously. In maize leaves, GA(3) treatment alleviated the physiological parameters under salt stress. Specifically, the treatments with 100 and 500 ppm of GA(3) were able to trigger GST enzyme and isoenzyme activities as well as hydrogen sulfide accumulation and anthocyanin content, although the lowest malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide radical content were under the treatment of 300 ppm of GA(3). Besides this, GST gene expression levels were found to be upregulated between 1.5 and fourfold higher in all the plants treated with GA(3) at different concentrations in proportion to salt stress. These results first indicated that the reason for the changes in GA(3)-treated plants was the stimulating role of this hormone to maintain GST regulation in maize plants.Öğe Treatment with auxin and paclobutrazol mediates ROS regulation, antioxidant defence system and cell wall response in salt treated soybean(Soc Botanica Sao Paulo, 2024) Ayvaci, Ufuk; Koc, Fatma Nur; Cetinkaya, Hatice; Dinler, Burcu SeckinAuxin (IAA) and paclobutrazol (PBZ) play important role in resisting abiotic stress for plants. However, the effects of combination of these regulators in plants under salinity remained obscure. In the current study, the role of 50 ppm IAA and 10 ppm PBZ on mitigating salt stress (200 and 300 mM NaCl) was investigated in soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Planet). We identified that IAA or PBZ and IAA + PBZ improved the physiological parameters that were damaged by salinity but PBZ performed best as observed by scanning election microscopy (SEM). However, IAA was more succesful to induce some antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbat peroxidase, peroxidase), although both of them reduced or did not affect GSH- related enzymes (dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione-s-transfease, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase). Besides this, combination of IAA and PBZ treatment showed the lowest MDA with inhibited salt stress induced oxidative damage. Additionally, PBZ was more effective against as IAA to reduce the pectin methyl esterase (PME) and phenylalanine ammonium lipase (PAL) enzyme activities as well as decreased arabinose content, while they were increased with salinity. IAA or PBZ increased lignin content and led to reduced loosening in roots, while IAA performed best. Overall, this study firstly presents that these regulators (50 ppm IAA; 10 ppm PBZ) could be used together to increase salt tolerance in soybean plants via regulating physiological and biochemical metabolism, antioxidant defense system and cell wall modified parameters.
