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    Molecular and morphological description of Myxidium parvum (Cnidaria) from Salaria pavo (Blenniidae) in the Black Sea
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2022) Gurkanli, C. T.; Okkay, S.; Ciftci, Y.; Ozer, A.
    Members of the predominantly coelozioc genus Myxidum Butschli, 1882 with more than 232 species have been reported from a wide variety of marine and freshwater fish species worldwide. In this study, 25 specimens of peacock blenny, Salaria pavo, were collected from Sinop on the Turkish Black Sea coast. The gills, fins, skin, urinary bladder, gal bladder, kidney, liver, gonads and smooth muscle tissue of the collected samples were investigated for myxosporean parasites. Myxidium parvum Yurakhno, 1991 was the only myxosporean found in the gall bladder of host fishes. Based on spore morphology, M. parvum had mostly overlapping measurement data of original description in spore length and width, polar capsule length but differed slightly in width; however, they were within the ranges previously reported from other blenniid host fish species in the Black Sea. Moreover, in this study, molecular analysis of the 18S rDNA gene of M. parvum isolates from S. pavo was done for the first time and our M. parvum genotypes appeared as sister to Myxidium incurvatum within the Lineage II of the marine Myxidium clade.
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    Molecular characterization and morphological aspects of Myxobolus parvus (Myxozoa) from Liza saliens (Mugilidae) off the Turkish Black Sea coasts
    (Springer, 2016) Ozer, A.; Gurkanli, C. T.; Ozkan, H.; Acar, G.; Ciftci, Y.; Yurakhno, V.
    Members of the phylum Myxozoa are among the most cosmopolitan parasites of fish, and the genus Myxobolus is the largest within the class Myxosporea in freshwater and marine environment from all over the world. Myxobolus parvus has been reported from mainly mugilid fishes from different localities including the Black Sea. Leaping mullet Liza saliens collected by fishermen off Sinop coasts of the Black Sea in the period between September 2014 and December 2015 was investigated for myxosporean parasites using conventional methods. M. parvus Schulman, 1962 was the only Myxobolus species identified and it was found in the gills, gall bladder, kidney tubules, and inside several cysts located on the lower jaw of examined fish in the present study. Morphometric data and all details of parasitic infection were determined and presented in tables and illustrated in figures. Molecular characterization was also conducted to reveal its position within Myxosporea. Two M. parvus samples from gills and kidney showed the same haplotype and appeared in the same sub-lineage with marine Myxobolus species. The closest haplotypes to M. parvus were Triactinomyxon sp. and Endocapsa sp. which are the actinosporeans forms of unknown myxozoan species. These data are the first in molecular characterization of M. parvus, its occurrence in lower jaw of leaping mullet along with its infection prevalence values off the Turkish Black Sea coasts.
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    Morphological and molecular descriptions ofSphaeromyxa sevastopoli(Cnidaria) from host fishes from Sinop on the Black Sea coast
    (Springer, 2020) Okkay, S.; Gurkanli, C. T.; Ciftci, Y.; Yurakhno, V.; Ozer, A.
    Members of the genusSphaeromyxaThelohan, 1892 have been reported from a wide variety of fish species worldwide. In the present study, specimens of rusty blenny,Parablennius sanguinolentus, collected from Sinop on the Turkish Black Sea coast were investigated for myxosporean parasites by using both conventional and molecular methods.Sphaeromyxa sevastopoliNaidenova1970was the only myxosporean parasite found in the gall bladder of host fishes. The morphology peculiarities of obtainedS. sevastopolispores are in good agreement with those of original description and the morphometric data overlapped in spore length and width but differed in polar capsule length and width; however, they were within the ranges previously reported from 18 host fish species. Moreover, in the present study, molecular analysis of the 18S rDNA gene ofS. sevastopoliisolate in ourP. sanguinolentusas well as isolates from shore rocklingGaidropsarus mediterraneusand knout gobyMesogobius batrachocephaluswhich were previously morphologically identified and reported by Okkay and ozer (Acta Zool Bulg 72(1):123-130,2020) was done for the first time and our threeS. sevastopoligenotypes were allocated to the balbianii group which is characterized by straight or slightly curved and fusiform or ovoid spores with ovoid polar capsules.
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    Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Ortholinea mullusi sp nov (Myxozoa) in Mullus barbatus from the Black Sea
    (Inter-Research, 2018) Gurkanli, C. T.; Okkay, S.; Ciftci, Y.; Yurakhno, V.; Ozer, A.
    Myxosporeans of the genus Ortholinea have a worldwide distribution and infect organs and tissues of exclusively marine fishes. Here we describe the morphological and molecular characteristics of Ortholinea mullusi sp. nov. parasitizing the urinary bladder and kidney tubules of red mullet Mullus barbatus collected from the coastal zone of Sinop in the Black Sea, Turkey. Polysporic plasmodia with immature spores were either elongate, 37.0 +/- 4.5 SD (30-50) mu m long and 45.0 +/- 3.8 (40-55) mu m wide, or were round, up to 100.0 mu m in diameter. Mature, free spores were spherical in the frontal view and measured 9.3 +/- 0.2 (9.0-9.7) mu m in length, 8.7 +/- 0.3 (8.2-9.3) mu m in width and 7.7 +/- 0.1 (7.5-7.9) mu m in thickness. We observed 2 polar capsules of equal size, which measured 3.1 +/- 0.1 (3.0-3.2) mu m long by 2.5 +/- 0.1 (2.4-2.6) mu m wide, and the tips of the polar capsules were open towards the sutural line. The prevalence of infection by O. mullusi sp. nov. was 24.5%. Phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) clearly suggested O. mullusi to be a new species, clustered within a lineage comprising O. labracis and O auratae. Pairwise nucleotide similarities and DNA distance values between O. mullusi sp. nov. and sister Ortholinea species also supported this suggestion.
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    Morphology, histology and phylogeny of Henneguya sinova sp nov (Myxobolidae: Myxozoa) infecting gills of Parablennius tentacularis in the Black Sea, Turkey
    (Inter-Research, 2016) Ozer, A.; Ozkan, H.; Gurkanli, C. T.; Yurakhno, V.; Ciftci, Y.
    Myxosporeans of the genus Henneguya have a global distribution and infect organs and tissues of both marine and freshwater fishes. Here we describe the morphological, histological and molecular characteristics of Henneguya sinova sp. nov. parasitizing the gill arches of tentacled blenny Parablennius tentacularis (Perciformes: Blenniidae) collected from the coast of Sinop on the Black Sea in Turkey. Several oval whitish plasmodia of different sizes in the gill arches of fish were found. The mature spores were rounded oval in frontal view, with a mean (range) total length 57.5 (51.5-68.0) mu m; the spore body was 11.7 (11.3-12.0) mu m in length by 7.6 (7.3-8.3) mu m in width and 6.7 (6.6-6.8) mu m in thickness. The caudal appendages, measuring 46.0 (40.0-55.0) mu m in length, were very thin at the tapered end. The prevalence of infection by H. sinova sp. nov. was 35.5%. Phylo genetic analysis of nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) clearly suggested H. sinova as a new species which is clustered within the marine Henneguya lineage. Pairwise nucleotide similarities and DNA distance values of SSU rDNA between H. sinova sp. nov. and other related Henneguya species also supported this suggestion.
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    Stimulating sturgeon conservation and rehabilitation measures in Turkey: an overview on major projects (2006-2009)
    (Wiley, 2011) Akbulut, B.; Zengin, M.; Ciftci, Y.; Tiril, S. Ustaoglu; Memis, D.; Alkan, A.; Cakmak, E.
    The aim of this report is to provide an overview of the current status of efforts on the potential rehabilitation of sturgeon populations in Turkish waters, describing the structure and the outcome of projects carried out since 2006 and identifying the strategic needs for sturgeon conservation measures at a national level. It is well known that there were six sturgeon species occurring around Turkish Black Sea coasts while entering the rivers, mainly Kizilirmak, Yesilirmak, Sakarya and Coruh Rivers for spawning. Anadromous sturgeon species have been strictly protected throughout Turkey since 1997. Conservation and management measurements have been implemented since 1970s. However, this was apparently with little success as stocks continued to decline and habitats deteriorated further, threatening the stocks with extinction. At the same time the needs for survival are not well documented. A project was initiated on 30 January 2006, consisting of seven-work packages including studies on population structure, reproduction, habitat assessment, genetic variability between and within stocks and the development of protective management strategies and plans. The work covered the Turkish Black Sea coastline and the rovers Yesilirmak, Kizilirmak, Coruh and Sakarya. Actively sampled and / or accidentally caught specimens have been tagged by T-bars and released after measurements and tissue sampling for genetic analyses. In addition, broodstocks of Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), Beluga (Huso huso), and stellate (A. stellatus) are being built by rearing fish at the Central Fisheries Research (Yomra, Trabzon, Turkey) Institute. Reproduction studies have mainly focused on sperm collection, cryopreservation and induced spawning as well as on larval rearing.
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    Two novel myxosporean parasites in Black Sea fishes: Kudoa niluferi sp nov and Kudoa anatolica sp nov (Cnidaria: Myxosporea)
    (Inter-Research, 2018) Ozer, A.; Okkay, S.; Gurkanli, C. T.; Ciftci, Y.; Yurakhno, V
    Members of the genus Kudoa are typically histozoic and only a few are coelozoic parasites, mainly in marine fishes. In the present study, 2 novel Kudoa species were recovered and described as Kudoa nilufen sp. nov. in the musculature of Neogobius melanostomus and Kudoa anatohca sp. nov. in the musculature, urinary bladder and kidney of Athenna hepsetus collected from the coast of Smop on the Black Sea. Means +/- SI.) (ranges) of mature spores of K. nilufen sp. nov. were 5.9 +/- 0.1 (5.7-6.1) mu m in length, 9.2 +/- 0.2 (8.8-9.5) mu m in width and 7.5 +/- 0.3 (7.0-8.1) mu m in thickness, while those of K. anatohca sp. nov. were 4.1 +/- 0.3 (3.5-4.1) mu m in length, 7.1 +/- 0.2 (6.7-7.2) mu m in width and 5.7 +/- 0.2 (5.3-6.0) mu m in thickness. In both parasite species, length and width of the 4 polai capsules were not equal and formed 3 distinct size classes, largest (1), intermediate (2) and smallest (1) in size. The prevalence and intensity of infection by K. nilufen sp. nov. were 12.8% and 20-29 parasites (per field-of-view, at 200x magnification), respectively, in the musculature of N. melanostomus. These values for K. anatohca sp. nov. were 32.1 % and 10-19 parasites in the musculature as well as 2.9% and 20-29 parasites jointly in the kidney and urinary bladder of A. hepsetus. Phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear small subumt rDNA also suggested K. nilufen and K. anatohca as 2 novel species. These species appealed m the same lineage with K. nova and formed a Black Sea lineage.