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    Effect of Lemon Oil Nanoemulsion and Heat Treatment on Physical Properties and Lipid Quality Parameters of Fish Meat During Storage
    (Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2025) Corapci, Bengunur; Turan, Hulya; Altan, Can Okan; Kostekli, Bayram; Ceylan, Zafer; Kocatepe, Demet
    In this study, raw and steamed fish (SF) (Oncorhynchus mykiss) samples treated with lemon oil nanoemulsion (LON) were examined. Four groups were designated: raw fish (RF), raw fish treated with LON (RFL), SF, and steamed fish treated with LON (SFL). Changes in the physical properties and lipid quality parameters of fish samples were monitored over 30 days of storage at 4 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C following vacuum packing. The dl-limonene compound, a major component of lemon oil, was detected at a concentration of 75.49%. The LON exhibited a zeta size (ZS) of 197.067 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.217, and a zeta potential (ZP) of -3.56 mV. Regarding color characteristics, L* whiteness value, -a greenishness, and +b yellowness values of the nanoemulsion showed a decrease by the end of storage. In all sample groups, except for the L* value in the SFL group, a general trend was observed in which L* increased, a* decreased, and b* increased compared to Day 0 at the end of storage. During storage, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and free fatty acid (FFA) values remained within acceptable limits for consumption across all groups throughout storage. In conclusion, the application of LON without heat treatment had a positive effect on pH levels. Conversely, when applied to heat-treated fish meat, the nanoemulsion improved the L* value, TBARS, FFA, and overall lipid quality parameters, with the exception of polyene index (PI).Practical applications: Essential lemon oil possesses sensory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. From a sensory perspective, the practical use of freshly squeezed lemon juice on fish meat is widely preferred by consumers. Inspired by this culinary practice, the effects of lemon oil nanoemulsion at a nanoscale on certain quality characteristics of both raw and thermally treated fish meat were investigated. In thermally treated fish meat, the lemon oil nanoemulsion positively influenced color parameters, notably enhancing the brightness (L*) value, as well as markedly improving overall lipid quality indicators. Conversely, the thermal treatment itself adversely affected the pH values of fish meat. Considering lipid quality preservation throughout storage, it is recommended that thermal treatment be applied prior to the incorporation of lemon oil nanoemulsion, ensuring optimal results in both shelf-life and product appeal.
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    Effects of lemon oil-based nanoemulsion on sensory and microbiological quality of vacuum packed raw versus steam cooked trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) stored at+4 ± 2 °C
    (Springer India, 2025) Corapci, Bengunur; Kocatepe, Demet; Altan, Can Okan; Ceylan, Zafer; Kostekli, Bayram; Turan, Hulya
    The changes in TVB-N (Total Volatile Base Nitrogen) content, sensory and microbiological properties of raw and steamed trout cubes treated with lemon oil nanoemulsion (LON) were examined for 30 days at 4 +/- 2 degrees C and the shelf life was determined. RT (raw trout), RTL (raw trout treated with LON), ST (steamed trout), and STL (steamed trout treated with LON) groups were assigned. Zeta size, polydispersity index and zeta potential values of fabricated nanoemulsion were determined as equal to 197.067 nm, 0.217, and - 3.56 mV, respectively. The numbers of Total Mesophilic Aerobic Bacteria (TMAB), Total Psychrophilic Aerobic Bacteria (TPAB), Total Yeast and Mold (TYM), Total Coliform Bacteria (TCB), and Total Anaerobic Bacteria (TAB) were significantly decreased in the steam cooking and LON treated groups.The increase in the TVB-N amount was limited in the samples treated with nanoemulsion, and STL samples showed better sensory quality. As a result, nanoemulsification and steam cooking application increased the sensory and microbiological quality of trout and extended its shelf life. [GRAPHICS]