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Öğe Contemporary genetic structure and postglacial demographic history of the black scorpionfish, Scorpaena porcus, in the Mediterranean and the Black Seas(Wiley, 2016) Boissin, E.; Micu, D.; Janczyszyn-Le Goff, M.; Neglia, V.; Bat, L.; Todorova, V.; Panayotova, M.Understanding the distribution of genetic diversity in the light of past demographic events linked with climatic shifts will help to forecast evolutionary trajectories of ecosystems within the current context of climate change. In this study, mitochondrial sequences and microsatellite loci were analysed using traditional population genetic approaches together with Bayesian dating and the more recent approximate Bayesian computation scenario testing. The genetic structure and demographic history of a commercial fish, the black scorpionfish, Scorpaena porcus, was investigated throughout the Mediterranean and Black Seas. The results suggest that the species recently underwent population expansions, in both seas, likely concomitant with the warming period following the Last Glacial Maximum, 20 000 years ago. A weak contemporaneous genetic differentiation was identified between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. However, the genetic diversity was similar for populations of the two seas, suggesting a high number of colonizers entered the Black Sea during the interglacial period and/or the presence of a refugial population in the Black Sea during the glacial period. Finally, within seas, an east/west genetic differentiation in the Adriatic seems to prevail, whereas the Black Sea does not show any structured spatial genetic pattern of its population. Overall, these results suggest that the Black Sea is not that isolated from the Mediterranean, and both seas revealed similar evolutionary patterns related to climate change and changes in sea level.Öğe Heavy metal concentrations in zooplankton of Sinop coasts of the Black Sea, Turkey(Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, 2016) Bat, L.; Üstün, F.; Öztekin, H.C.Estimation of level contamination of marine ecosystems with heavy metals is important task in the field of MSFD. Total zooplankton samples were collected using a standard zooplankton net (mesh size=112 μm, mouth diameter=50 cm) from Sinop coast of the Black Sea, Turkey in 2011 and 2012. Concentrations of Al, As, Cu, Zn, Hg, Fe, Cd and Pb were determined in the total zooplankton samples. The average concentration of heavy metals followed order: Fe > Al >Zn > Pb > Cu > As > Cd > Hg. Estimated Hg was below the detection limit among all heavy metals in all samples. Fe was the most common heavy metal in total zooplankton samples present in all, Al was the other heavy metal commonly present in the samples. Pb showed high value (210 mg · kg-1) in total zooplankton. Similar to Pb, a high average concentration of As (40 mg · kg-1) was observed in total zooplankton. Cd was 1.1 mg · kg-1. © 2016 Bat L., Üstün F., Öztekin H. C.Öğe LIKELY EFFECTS OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE BLACK SEA BENTHIC ECOSYSTEM(Scibulcom Ltd, 2010) Sezgin, M.; Bat, L.; Katagan, T.; Ates, A. S.Occurrence and distribution of species in the Black sea are primarily determined by seawater temperature and salinity. The most recent predictions suggest that, by 2100, average air temperatures may be between 2 and 4 degrees C higher than at present and seawater temperatures may be as much as 2 degrees C higher than in 2000. The rise of the coastal zone seawater temperature may be higher than the open sea water average. It is expected that a warming of air and seawater temperatures will result in increased diversity of benthic marine life in the Black sea with adverse effects limited mainly to declines in abundance or loss of a small number of native species. Changes to a minority of biotopes might occur in the long-term. Depending on the temperature increase Mediterranisation of the Black sea fauna is in progress and occurs owing to immigration of new species. The aim of this article is discussing the global warming and the range of likely effects on marine benthic species. These effects may be related to changing water temperatures, changing water circulation or changing habitat. At present, to predict or detect the effects of climate change on marine benthic communities are quite difficult. But we can only provide educated guesses about potential changes and the consequences of those changes for the Black sea.Öğe Population dynamics and morphological variability of Calanus euxinus in the Black and Marmara Seas(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2009) Isinibilir, M.; Svetlichny, L.; Hubareva, E.; Ustun, F.; Yilmaz, I. N.; Kideys, A. E.; Bat, L.Temporal and spatial changes in abundance, prosome length, oil sac volume, molting patterns and morphometric parameters were studied in Calanus euxinus from the Black and Marmara Seas. In the south-western part of the Black Sea and deep shelf zone near Sinop the abundance of C. euxinus was high during the whole studied period (2000-2005), with a maximum 23,400 ind m-2 in March 2004. In the Marmara Sea near the Prince Islands in the deep zone the mean annual abundance of C. euxinus was 47 times lower than in the deep zone of the Black Sea (during 2000-2007). However, this parameter reached a significant magnitude of 12,264 ind m-2 in spring in Izmit Bay. During the warm season, C. euxinus are rare in the Marmara Sea. The high temperature and salinity accelerate development in this species; therefore, preadults and adults possess reduced prosome length and oil sac volume. In the cold period in the Marmara Sea the size and lipid content in late copepodite stages increase, especially in Izmit Bay. Similar size of eggs, prosome length of early copepodite stages in the Black and Marmara Seas indicate that the C. euxinus population in the Marmara Sea originates from the individuals penetrating from the Black Sea through the Bosphorus.Öğe Present condition of small pelagic fishes in the black sea(2011) Shulman, G.E.; Nikolsky, V.N.; Yunev, O.A.; Yuneva, T.V.; Shchepkina, A.M.; Bat, L.; Kideys, A.Recent data on the fat content and abundance of sprat and anchovies are considered here along with data related to sea temperatures and phytoplankton biomass. Findings showed that significant changes in fish conditions were strongly related to environmental factors.Öğe Toxic metals in the warty crab in the southern black sea: Assessment of human health risk(Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, 2020) Bat, L.; Arici, E.; Öztekin, A.; Şahin, F.The present study was performed to assess Cd, Pb, and Hg contaminations and human health risk in the warty crab Eriphia verrucosa (Forskål, 1775) in Akliman shores of Sinop Peninsula of the Black Sea. Heavy metals analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Among studied toxic metals, Pb had the highest mean concentration in E. verrucosa. The highest mean concentration of Pb (0.2 mg per kg of wet weight) was observed in male samples of the warty crab. However, higher concentrations of Cd and Hg (0.11 and 0.019 mg per kg of wet weight, respectively) were observed in females of E. verrucosa. The mean Cd values found in the warty crabs were higher in May and June than those in July and August. On the other hand, Pb values were recorded in July and August. The mean Hg values were not different between months except July and August for male samples of E. verrucosa. Foraging seasons of these crabs are different, which can lead to differences in prey size and ultimately metals intake. However, the results show that a toxic heavy metal concentration in edible tissues of crab from the southern Black Sea was within the permissible limits given by national and international food codices. Target hazard quotient (THQ) for each metal and hazard index (HI) were calculated to evaluate non-carcinogenic human health risks. Estimated THQs of Cd, Pb, and Hg suggest that these metals in the warty crab do not pose any apparent threat to humans, when the HI value is below the value of 1. The result of the analysis has shown that the warty crab E. verrucosa can be used as bioindicator as it contains variable levels of the metals observed. Since consumption is the main source of heavy metal intake by humans, monitoring studies are needed to protect public health and take preventive measures. © 2020 The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. All rights reserved.Öğe VISIBLE DECLINE OF LIMPET Patella caerulea L i n n a e u s, 1758, A BIOMONITOR SPECIES, AT THE SINOP PENINSULA AND VICINITY (THE SOUTHERN BLACK SEA, TURKEY)(Scibulcom Ltd, 2010) Culha, M.; Bat, L.Due to their economic and ecological importance, as well as sedentary life, molluscs have assumed a major role in monitoring contaminants worldwide. They are abundant, sedentary and easy to collect, which makes them ideal for biomonitoring. Limpets (Patella caerulea) are important structuring agents of intertidal assemblages, controlling distribution of algae, bulldosing small sessile animals, or consuming sessile and mobile prey. They are frequently limited in their distribution by specific microhabitats, many of which may be absent from constructed habitats. Studies on this species at the Sinop Peninsula have been evaulated and a decline of limpets was determined. Also, probable reasons for the decline of limpets were studied in this research.Öğe Visible decline of limpet patella caerulea linnaeus, 1758, a biomonitor species, at the sinop peninsula and vicinity (the southern black sea, Turkey)(2010) Culha, M.; Bat, L.Due to their economic and ecological importance, as well as sedentary life, molluscs have assumed a major role in monitoring contaminants worldwide. They are abundant, sedentary and easy to collect, which makes them ideal for biomonitoring. Limpets (Patella caerulea) are important structuring agents of intertidal assemblages, controlling distributionof algae, bulldosing small sessile animals, or consuming sessile and mobile prey. They are frequently limited in their distribution by specific microhabitats, many of which may be absent from constructed habitats. Studies on this species at the Sinop Peninsula have been evaulated and a decline of limpets was determined. Also, probable reasons for the decline of limpets were studied in this research.
