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    First Study on the Fish Fauna and Fisheries Resources of Kalmat Khor - A Coastal Lagoon on Balochistan Coast, Pakistan (Northern Arabian Sea)
    (Springer Int Publ Ag, 2026) Ali, Qadeer Mohammad; Baloch, Azizullah; Ahmed, Quratulan; Uygun, Orcin; Bat, Levent
    The research study presents first record of fish fauna and fisheries resources of Kalmat Khor during October 2020 to September 2021. A coastal lagoon with a unique and remarkable location on the coastline of Pakistan, bordering the northern Arabian Sea. The area exhibits rich aquatic biodiversity and features an excellent water body that provides spawning, feeding, and shelter grounds for economically important finfish and shellfish. Coastal lagoons and baysknown to be of excellent environmental and viable value, offering various habitats those serve as breeding, nursery, feeding, and refuge areas for numerous aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Since the Kalmat Khor is a data-deficient area, no information, published data, or reports are available hence, the present study presents a vital contribution to the scientific understanding of this coastal lagoon ecosystem.The area depicts significant socioeconomic dependence on the fishing operations conducted in Kalmat Khor. The lagoon is inhabited by 45 fish species belonging to 27 families, all of which are purely marine species. The most abundant fish species Arius maculates, Sardinella sindensis, Thryssa dussumieri, Planiliza subviridis, and Otolithes ruber and the most dominant percentage composition of fish families Dorosomatidae (14%), Carangidae (11%), and Mugilidae (10%) were observed. It is interesting to note that fish fauna varies according to the location and depth of the lagoon. The community is well-informed about the local ecosystem, fish species, and resource management practices. Their clear understanding of sustainable development shows strict compliance with the management strategies for fisheries and other natural resources.
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    Hydrobiological Studies in Kalmat Khor, a Coastal Lagoon on Balochistan Coast (Northern Arabian Sea)
    (Springer Int Publ Ag, 2026) Ali, Qadeer Mohammad; Baloch, Azizullah; Ahmed, Quratulan; Bat, Levent
    Understanding the health of marine ecosystems through hydrobiological studies is vital for effective management and conservation of marine biodiversity and fisheries resources, as it provides valuable insights into the status of water bodies and informs decision-making. Data gathered at Kalmat Khor, Makran coast, Balochistan on the seasonal change in physico-chemical parameters and zooplankton are of considerable value. The air and water temperature varied between 23 and 35 degrees C and 20 to 32 degrees C, salinity 37-40 parts per thousand pH, 7.9-8.6 dissolve oxygen (mg/L) and (7.0-8.0 mg/L). A total of 26 zooplankton groups were collected using a 500 mu m mesh size net, while 30 groups were recorded from a 250 mu m mesh size net. Samples obtained with the 500 mu m net showed the highest abundance of zoea during the inter-monsoon periods (April and October) and the monsoon season (July and September). In contrast, copepods were most abundant in samples collected with the 250 mu m mesh size net, with peak abundances observed during the pre-monsoon (January and March), monsoon (July and September), inter-monsoon (October), and post-monsoon (December) periods. The collected data can be used as bio-indicators to detect environmental concerns such water quality, acidification of bodies of water, and turbidity, among others. There is no work available on the hydrobiological characteristics of Kalmat Khor, this is pioneer base line study. The study will be helpful in achieving the objectives of conserving and protecting the coastal resources of Makran coast, Balochistan. It is expected that the data will be useful to understand the impact of seasonal changes on the coastal ecosystem and coastal fisheries of the area. The collected data reveals that Kalmat Khor is a unique and remarkable area on the coastline of Pakistan. The area shows rich aquatic biodiversity and an excellent water body providing spawning, feeding and shelter grounds for economically important finfish and shellfish. This study will help to understand the current scenario of this untouched coastal ecosystem, considering the need for coastal zone management and evaluating coastal water quality conditions and biological fertility of Kalmat Khor. The study will be helpful in achieving the object forces of conserving and protecting the coastal resources of Makran coast, Balochistan.
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    Preliminary Study on Abundance of Microplastic in Sediments and Water Samples Along the Coast of Pakistan (Sindh and Balochistan)-Northern Arabian Sea
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2022) Ahmed, Quratulan; Ali, Qadeer Mohammad; Bat, Levent; Oztekin, Aysah; Memon, Sehrish; Baloch, Azizullah
    Plastic material dominates our life and accordingly, it dominates the environment as a pollutant. Pakistan coasts are facing with plastic pollution problem like the rest of the world. The number and types of microplastics found in sea water and sediment samples from 25 locations along the Arabian Sea coast of Pakistan were explored in this study. The results of the present study show that the region is under a high pollution from microplastics. Microplastic abundance in seawater was found as mean 582.12 +/- 246.14 particle. L-1 and in sediment samples was mean 987.40 +/- 617.06 particle.kg-1 dry sediment. Microplastic concentration was maximum in Manora both seawater and sediment samples. Fibers were major contribution to total microplastics, up to 99% of all samples both seawater and sediment samples.