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    Biochemical Effects of Long-Term Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Markers in Adolescent Female Athletes
    (Mdpi, 2025) Bilici, Omer Faruk; Erkan, Dilara; Alexe, Dan Iulian; Tohanean, Dragos Ioan; Demir, Canan; Alexe, Cristina Ioana; Voiculescu, Virgil Ene
    Background: Adolescence is a critical period where exercise-induced oxidative stress is modulated by both training adaptations and hormonal changes, particularly the antioxidant effects of estrogen in females. However, data on how adolescent female athletes respond to long-term exercise remain limited. The aim of this study was to examine oxidative stress levels and some antioxidant defense parameters in adolescent female athletes who train regularly. Methods: The study included 20 adolescent female basketball players (16.65 +/- 0.67 years; 165.50 +/- 0.06 cm; 59.75 +/- 5.50 kg) with at least three years of training experience and 20 non-athlete adolescent female participants (16.80 +/- 0.69 years; 159.95 +/- 0.04 cm; 60.15 +/- 4.23 kg). Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) levels were analyzed by a spectrophotometric method using a UV/VIS spectrophotometer in blood samples taken from all participants, and the data were compared between the groups. Results: The results showed that MDA levels were significantly lower in the athlete group (p < 0.01; d = 4.78). In addition, CAT activity was significantly higher in athletes compared to non-athletes (p < 0.01; d = 7.81). However, no significant difference was observed in GSH levels between the groups (p > 0.05; d = 0.15). A strong negative correlation was found between MDA and CAT (r = -0.900). Conclusions: These findings suggest that prolonged exercise reduces oxidative stress and enhances catalase-mediated antioxidant defense in adolescent women. Increased CAT activity and decreased MDA levels support this effect, while stable GSH levels point to the role of compensatory mechanisms.
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    Effects of isolated or combined carbohydrate and caffeine supplementation on tennis training performance: single-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover session
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2025) Abdioglu, Mekki; Mor, Ahmet; Alexe, Dan Iulian; Todor, Raul Marian; Panaet, Elena Adelina; Alexe, Cristina Ioana; Akca, Firat
    Background In long tennis matches, the number of unforced errors in groundstrokes increases. However, players need to maintain their successful strokes consistently in order to be successful in matches. To overcome this situation, tennis players utilize certain ergogenic supplements. In order to determine the most effective ergogenic supplement on players' performance, it is aimed to investigate the effects of caffeinated chewing gum (CAFGUM), carbohydrate gel (CHOGEL) and cho gel + cafe gum (CHOGEL + CAFGUM) on tennis players' basic strokes, countermovement jumps (CMJ), heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and gastrointestinal discomfort in a training session.Method The study included 14 male tennis players (mean age: 15.93 +/- 0.83 years, height: 173.86 +/- 6.89 cm, and body mass: 60.64 +/- 2.58 kg) with experience in national and international tournaments. Players ingested CHOGEL (21.1 g) + CAFGUM (100 mg) or CHOGEL (21.1 g) + gum placebo (PLAGUM) or CAFGUM (100 mg) or PLAGUM before a high-intensity workout and at the end of each set.Results The CHOGEL + CAFGUM session performed better groundstrokes than the control (CON) (p = 0.001) and the PLAGUM sessions (p = 0.001). When total RPE values were considered in the training session, the CHOGEL + CAFGUM session had lower RPE scores than the CON (p = 0.010) and PLAGUM (p = 0.044) sessions. The CHOGEL + PLAGUM session had significantly lower RPE scores than the CON (p = 0.005) and PLAGUM (p = 0.005) sessions. The CAFGUM session had significantly lower RPE scores than the CON (p = 0.013). It was observed that no supplements significantly affected either HR (p = 0.188) or CMJ (p = 0.349) scores.Conclusions In conclusion, there was a significant difference on basic strokes and RPE scores between CHOGEL + CAFGUM supplementation used before and during training compared with the control session. At the same time, there was no significant performance outcomes between CHOGEL and CAFGUM sessions.
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    The effect of body composition and lifestyle habits on functional movement capacity in inactive overweight adults males
    (Mre Press, 2025) Canli, Umut; Aldhahi, Monira I.; Sendil, Ali Mert; Dogan, Zeynep; Alupei, Dorin; Man, Maria Cristina; Alexe, Cristina Ioana
    Background: This study investigated the effects of body composition and lifestyle habits on functional movement capacity in inactive overweight men. Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted with 112 men (age = 30 +/- 11 years; BMI = 25.82 +/- 4.79 kg/m2). Participants completed a lifestyle habits questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements, including height, weight, muscle mass, and body fat percentage, were recorded. Functional Movement Screen (FMS) tests assessed functional movement capacity. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyzed the predictors of FMS scores, and lifestyle habits were compared. Results: Body fat percentage accounted for 24% of the variance in FMS scores (F(1-110) = 21.378, p < 0.001), with a coefficient of -0.159, indicating a negative association. Participants without chronic diseases had significantly higher FMS scores compared to those with chronic diseases (% change = 12.14; p = 0.037). Other lifestyle habit parameters showed no significant differences. Conclusions: Higher body fat percentages negatively influence functional movement capacity. Participants without chronic diseases exhibited better functional movement scores, emphasizing the positive role of general health on movement quality. Strategies focusing on reducing body fat and improving overall health may enhance functional movement capacity in this population.