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    Awareness of Risks Associated with the Use of Plain X-Ray, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Among Emergency Physicians and Comparison with that of Other Physicians: A Survey from Turkey
    (Int Scientific Information, Inc, 2019) Demir, Mehmet Cihat; Akkas, Meltem
    Background: Increased use of radiological imaging in all departments of medicine, especially in the Emergency Department, requires that physicians have a high level of knowledge regarding commonly used imaging methods and high awareness of the risks of examinations. Material/Methods: The physicians were divided into 5 groups according to their specialties as emergency medicine physicians (EMPs), physicians from any specialty of internal sciences, physicians from any specialty of surgical sciences, general practitioners (GPs), and radiologists. A total of 700 physicians answered the questionnaire via email. Results: 15.7% of EMPs reported that they did not routinely perform any risk assessment before requesting computed tomography (CT); the rate was 17.9% for direct radiography and 29.3% for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The proportions of physicians who do not routinely perform risk assessments for direct radiography, CT, and MRI were as follows: 16.4%, 8.6%, and 19.3% in physicians from medical sciences, respectively; 25%, 22.9%, and 35% in physicians from surgical sciences, respectively; 24.3%, 14.3%, and 37.1% in GPs, respectively; and 27.1%, 22.1% and 37.1% in radiologists, respectively. In all radiological examinations, 1.4% of EMPs and <= 1.4% of other physicians routinely explain the risks associated with the imaging method to the patients, and discuss the risks and benefits of the imaging with the patients. Conclusions: All physicians, including EMPs, need to undergo urgent training to increase their knowledge on risks of imaging methods and discussion of existing risks with patients.
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    Öğe
    Barriers to Brain Death Notifications From Emergency Departments
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2019) Akkas, Meltem; Demir, Mehmet Cihat
    Purpose. Emergency departments (EDs) are a new focus of interest in recent years as a possible solution for increasing organ donations, as, EDs are full of missed opportunities. In this study, we aimed to determine the barriers to the identification and referral by emergency medicine physicians (EMPs) of potential brain death (BD) cases. Materials and methods. The participants of the study consist of 252 EMPs who had answered the questionnaire sent via e-mail. Findings. The following causes were found in the questionnaire: (1) negative attitudes and lack of knowledge about organ donation in society (63.1%); (2) religious beliefs (57.5%); (3) family refusal (57.1%); (4) disruption of bodily integrity (45.6%); (5) inadequate knowledge of doctors (50.4%); (6) difficulties in predicting the prognosis of the patient and diagnosing BD in EDs (40.1%); (7) fear of negative reactions from relatives of patients (37.7%); (8) the absence of an organ procurement unit (OPU) (36.5%); (9) lack of ideal candidates (27%); (10) increased workload in EDs (23.8%); and (11) fear of legal problems arising (23.8%). Of the participants, 42.9% stated that there was an OPU in their hospital. Of the participants, 15.8% reported that they have good communication with the OPU. Conclusions. Negative attitudes and lack of knowledge about organ donation in society, religious beliefs, inadequate knowledge of EMPs, and the absence of an OPU in hospitals are important barriers to organ donor notification from EDs. Increasing social awareness and increasing of the level of knowledge of EMPs and close cooperation between OPU and EDs will significantly contribute to the increase of organ donor notifications from EDs.