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    Do demographic and obstetric characteristics affect fetal health locus of control among high-risk pregnancies? A Turkish sample
    (Ibn Sina Trust, 2024) Akbag, Nuran Nur Aypar; Tokat, Merlinda Alus; Ozozturk, Sevcan; Ugur, Gunseli
    Objectives Fetal health locus of control has been indicated to effect how mothers approach their health beliefs and health-related decisions. The purpose of this study was to determine the fetal health locus of control (FHLC) level in high -risk pregnancies and to evaluate the factors affecting FHLC in high -risk pregnancies. Materials and methods The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with highrisk pregnant women. A total of 221 participants were included. Results and Discussion It was shown that The Internality Locus of Control was low and The Chance-Based Locus of Control was high in high -risk pregnant women. The current age of women and the age of their first pregnancy had a positively relationship with Powerful Others Locus of Control (FHLC-P). Although FHLC scores of multigravidas were higher than primiparous, no significant difference was found. Besides, there was a significantly higher FHLC-C score in women who did not change their exercise habits during pregnancy (p=0.008). Although the FHLC-I score was higher in women, who made changes in nutrition habits, it was determined that it was not significant. Conclusion The results of fetal health locus of control in high -risk pregnancies will lead to women who have high -risk pregnancies taking responsibility for adapting to the treatment process, taking into account the controls and making lifestyle changes, rather than leaving the situation to fate.
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    Effects of web-based gestational diabetes mellitus education on health management self-efficacy, treatment modality, and maternal-fetal-neonatal outcomes: A randomized controlled trial
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2025) Akbag, Nuran Nur Aypar; Tokat, Merlinda Alus
    The authors' purpose in this study was to examine the effects of web-based Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) education on person's health management self-efficacy, treatment modality, and maternal-fetal-neonatal outcomes. We conducted a randomized controlled trial design. The study was conducted in 65 pregnant women (intervention group: 31, control group: 34). The level of health management self-efficacy was significantly higher in pregnant women who received web-based education compared to the control group. In addition, fewer pregnant women transitioned from nutrition therapy to insulin compared the control group. Among pregnant women with GDM, web-based education proved to be an effective intervention strategy, enhancing self-efficacy, promoting healthier behaviors, and ultimately reducing maternal and neonatal complications.The clinical trial registration number: NCT05141929.
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    Examination of the Relationship Between the Comfort Levels and the Mother to Infant Bonding Levels of Women in the Postpartum Period
    (Tibbi Kayitlar Dernegi, 2025) Arslan, Gamze Göke; Akbag, Nuran Nur Aypar; Sanli, Yasemin
    Aim: The research was conducted to establish the relationship between the comfort levels of mothers in the postpartum period and mother-infant bonding.Material and Method: The research is of descriptive type. The sample of the study consisted of 257 women who had just given birth in the Gynecology and Obstetrics service of a public hospital in Türkiye and voluntarily participated in the research between February and April 2023. Personal information questionnaire, postpartum comfort scale, and mother to infant bonding scale were used to collect the data of the study. Results: The average total score women received from the postpartum comfort scale in the postpartum period was 97.45±15.22. A statistically significant difference was found between the postpartum comfort scale total score average according to the women's working status, number of postpartum days, postpartum care requirement and number of patients in the room (p
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    Investigation of the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and mother to infant bonding in postpartum women
    (National Scientific Medical Center, 2022) Sanlı, Yasemin; Akbag, Nuran Nur Aypar
    Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between the fear of COVID-19 and mother to infant bonding in postpartum women. Material and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted online from social media platforms. The women who were in the postpartum period (between 1-40 days), using smart phones, and healthy for themselves and their babies were included in the study. The sample was determined by power analysis and the study was completed with 205 puerperal women. Personal Information Form, Coronavirus (COVID-19) Fear Scale and Mother to Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS) were used to collect data. Results: It was determined that the mean score of the Women's Fear of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Scale was 16.85±6.42 and the mean score of the Mother to Infant Bonding Scale was 3.18±3.58. It was found that there was no significant relationship between fear of coronavirus and mother to infant bonding levels of the women participating in the study (r=0.046, p=0.478). It has been observed that the income status of women, regular doctor check-ups, having a coronavirus disease, being vaccinated against COVID-19 affect the fear of COVID-19, while mother to infant bonding is affected by regular doctor check-ups, being vaccinated against COVID-19, and losing their family due to COVID-19. Conclusion: It was concluded that women in the postpartum period should be supported by health professionals from the pregnancy period in order to cope with the fear of COVID-19 and to achieve safe and healthy mother to infant bonding. © 2022, National Scientific Medical Center. All rights reserved.
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    IS THE OCCURRENCE OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS IN PREGNANCIES HIGHER FOLLOWING IN VITRO FERTILIZATION TREATMENT? WHY? A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
    (Dokuz Eylul Univ Inst Health Sciences, 2024) Akbag, Nuran Nur Aypar; Tokat, Merlinda Alus; Ozozturk, Sevcan; Avdal, Elif Unsal; Okyay, Recep Emre; Dogan, Omer Erbil
    Purpose: This study aim to determine the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnancies after IVF treatment and to evaluate the factors that reduce this risk. Material and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the medical records of pregnant women who conceived following IVF at the in-vitro fertilization center between 2002-2019. The data were obtained from medical records and phone interviews. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: The incidence of GDM was found to be 16.7%. The regression model indicated that the risk of GDM was 4.57 times higher in the age group 36-40 at conception during the IVF cycle than the age group 31-35 (95% CI = 1.18-17.73, p = .028). Furthermore, women who conceived after the second IVF trial had a risk of GDM 3.464 times higher than those that conceived after their first IVF trial (95% CI = 1.07-11.23, p= .038). Conclusion: As age and number of IVF trials increase in infertile women, the risk of GDM increases after IVF treatment.
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    Psychometric Properties of the Antenatal Psychosocial Stress Scale in Turkish Pregnant Women
    (Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2024) Akbag, Nuran Nur Aypar; Sanli, Yasemin; Arslan, Gamze Goke
    Background Minimizing the stress levels of pregnant women is important to giving healthy birth and raising healthy generations. Therefore, there is a need for effective methods to diagnose stress early in pregnancy.Objective The purpose of this research was to examine the psychometric features of the Antenatal Psychosocial Stress Scale (APSS) in pregnant Turkish women.Methods This methodological study was conducted on 290 pregnant women.Results The Turkish version of the APSS based on Exploratory Factor Analysis was found to have 70.215 percent of the total variance. It had a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.78. After the confirmatory factor analysis, the following were determined: chi 2/df: 1.663, CFI: 0.978, RMSEA: 0.048, GFI: 0. 972.Conclusion The Turkish sample found the APSS to be a valid and trustworthy assessment instrument for pregnant women.
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    The Effect of Fear of Coronavirus on COVID-19 Vaccine Attitude in Pregnant Women in Turkey and Factors Affecting Their Attitudes Towards COVID-19 Vaccine
    (Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd, 2026) Akbag, Nuran Nur Aypar; Sanli, Yasemin
    The aim of this study was to examine the effect of fear of coronavirus during pregnancy on the attitudes of pregnant women towards the COVID-19 vaccine and the factors affecting their attitudes towards it. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted online with 324 pregnant women. It was determined that there was a positive and significant relationship (r = .26, p = .000) between their positive attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine sub-dimension and the fear of coronavirus; however, the negative attitude sub-dimension did not have a significant relationship with the fear of coronavirus (r = -.09, p = .099). The following were found to affect pregnant women's positive attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine: socio-economic level and the thought that their baby would be disabled due to COVID-19. They should be informed more by the health professionals in order to develop a positive vaccination attitude regarding COVID-19 vaccines.
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    The effect of stress ball on anxiety and pain levels during endometrial biopsy: A randomized controlled trial
    (Womens Health & Action Research Centre, 2025) Dincer, Yeliz; Sanli, Yasemin; Akbag, Nuran Na.; Akbag, Nuran Nur Aypar; Dalay, Onur
    This study aims to evaluate the effect of using a stress ball on anxiety and pain levels during the endometrial biopsy procedure. The impact of stress ball use on vital sign scores was also assessed as a secondary objective. The sample of this randomized controlled study design consisted of 70 women (stress ball group n = 35 and control group n = 35). Data collection tools included the Personal Information Form, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Pain and Anxiety, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and a Satisfaction Form. The primary outcome showed no statistically significant difference in mean anxiety scores between the stress ball and control groups during the procedure (Wilcoxon test, W = -1.045, p = 0.296). As a secondary outcome, a significant decrease in heart rate was observed in the control group before and after the procedure. Additionally, reductions in anxiety levels were associated with corresponding decreases in pain scores. The reduction in anxiety levels during endometrial biopsy correspondingly decreased the pain that was experienced. Nonetheless, the utilization of a stress ball shown no statistically meaningful impact on decreasing anxiety, stress, or pain.
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    The impact of social media addiction on pregnancy stress and prenatal attachment
    (Womens Health & Action Research Centre, 2025) Sanli, Yasemin; Akbag, Nuran Nur Aypar; Dincer, Yeliz
    The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of social media addiction on pregnancy stress and prenatal attachment. The study was conducted between November 2023 and April 2024 with a sample of 277 pregnant women. This descriptive, crosssectional, and correlational study utilized several instruments, including the Demographic Information Form, the Social Media Addiction Scale-Adult Form (SMAS-AF), the Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMO), the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS), and The Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI). The findings revealed that the majority of the participants used social media to gain information related to their pregnancy (60.3%) and childbirth (46.6%). It was observed that the participants had a moderate level of social media addiction (40.56 +/- 9.82). The study found that as levels of social media addiction and FoMO increased, pregnancy stress also increased. Additionally, no significant relationship was found between social media addiction and prenatal attachment, although a higher level of FoMO was associated with a decrease in prenatal attachment. It is recommended that the number of healthcare professionals who provide accessible education and follow-up services to pregnant women be increased. Moreover, preventive and supportive environments should be established within healthcare services to guide the use of social media during pregnancy. (Afr J Reprod Health 2025; 29 [1]: 118-126).
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    The influence of pregnant women's personality traits and well-being on internet-based decision-making and coping styles with stress
    (Bmc, 2026) Akbag, Nuran Nur Aypar; Sanli, Yasemin
    Background The worldwide utilization of computers and the internet has transformed the way in which individuals access information. This study aims to examine the associations between pregnant women's personality traits, wellbeing, and their internet-based decision-making and stress coping styles. Methods The study was designed as a descriptive correlational type. The research was conducted between October 2023 and May 2024 and included 231 pregnant women. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Cervantes Personality Scale, the World Health Organization Five Well-Being Index (1998 version), the Internet Decision-Making Scale in Pregnancy, and the Stress Coping Styles Scale. Results A negative correlation was found between the total score of the Internet Decision-Making Scale in Pregnancy and the extroversion/introversion personality trait (r=-0.178, p = 0.007), whereas a positive significant correlation was observed with the consistency/inconsistency trait (r = 0.180, p = 0.006). Statistically significant relationships were observed at different levels and in different directions among the subdimensions of the Stress Coping Styles Scale, with the exception of the Seeking Social Supportsubdimension. No significant associations were found between WHO-5 well-being and the Internet Decision-Making Scale in Pregnancy or the Stress Coping Styles Scale. Discussion The findings suggest that internet use may be increasingly involved in the decision-making processes of pregnant women and may be associated with individual personality traits. Conclusion Healthcare professionals are encouraged to integrate digital health literacy interventions into antenatal care and to recommend validated online information platforms to promote informed and safe internet-based decision-making among pregnant women.
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    The Use of International Web Blogs by Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in COVID-19 Pandemic: Thoughts, Emotions and Coping Strategies
    (Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd, 2025) Akbag, Nuran Nur Aypar; Tokat, Merlinda Alus; Ozberk, Hulya; Arbag, Esra
    The COVID-19 pandemic has walked into our lives as a source of social isolation. This study aims to determine, by using web blogs, the emotions, thoughts and coping strategies of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during the COVID-19 pandemic, using the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping developed by Lazarus and Folkman. This study, which was designed as a descriptive qualitative study, uses international web blogs as the data source. The statements of 42 women determined between April and May 2021 were evaluated with the directed qualitative content analysis in accordance with the aim of the study. The themes of this study were determined as psychological changes, cognitive changes, changes in social life, changes in the diagnosis and treatment process and coping strategies. While some of the women interpret the pandemic process to be death-equivalent, lonely, helpless and worrying, others commentate that being at home is reassuring, they are satisfied with online health services and their relations with their partners are positively affected. It is thought that the online sharing platforms (blogs, forums and so forth) used during the pandemic process have an effect on sharing the feelings and thoughts, and coping strategies in GDM management.
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    Young Individuals' Attitudes Towards Sex Education and Related Factors
    (Ibn Sina Trust, 2023) Sanli, Yasemin; Akbag, Nuran Nur Aypar; Arslan, Gamze Goke
    Objectives: To determine young individuals' attitudes towards sexual education and related factors. Emotions, thoughts, and attitudes are as important as knowledge on sexual matters. For this reason, it is necessary to determine the attitudes of young people towards sexual education and the factors affecting these attitudes. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study. The study included university students and data were collected via 'Google Forms'. The study sample is comprised of 501 undergraduate students. We collected the data in November-December 2021 using a Personal Information Form and the Scale of Attitudes towards Sex Education (SATSE). Results: The average SATSE score of the participants was 59.27 & PLUSMN;11.14. We found that 52.3% of the participants considered their sexual health knowledge level as sufficient, but 60.5% did not receive sexual health education. In addition, it was determined that more than half of the participants could not easily talk about sexual health issues with their families. Conclusion: The results of the research showed that the attitudes of the participants towards sexual education were generally positive. Several characteristics, such as the geographical region resided, father's education level, being in a romantic relationship, and finding their sexual health knowledge level as sufficient affected their attitudes towards sexual education.