Jamil, MuhammadZhao, WeiHe, NingGupta, Munish KumarSarikaya, MuratKhan, Aqib MashoodSanjay, M. R.2025-03-232025-03-2320210959-65261879-1786https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125374https://hdl.handle.net/11486/6530The urgent need for an innocuous and sustainable machining system is essential in this modern manufacturing era. Therefore, a study is devoted to fulfilling a missing bridge between sustainability measures (process time, specific cutting energy, energy efficiency, carbon emissions) and machining characteristics (tool wear, surface roughness, cutting temperature) in the milling of Ti-6Al-4V. The experiments are organized by implementing the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), CO2-snow, and cryogenic-LN2 under varying end-mill geometries and cutting conditions. The results obtained have underscored the outperformed CO2-snow followed by cryogenic-LN2, MQL, and dry cutting conditions regarding sustainability measures and machining characteristics. The up-milling of 42 degrees helix angle cutter and CO2-snow outperformed by reducing 47% of surface roughness, 50% extended tool life compared to dry cutting. The cryogenic-LN2 provided minimum cutting temperature flowed by CO2-snow, MQL, and dry cutting, respectively. Besides, the up-milling tool of the 42 degrees helix angle provided better machining characteristics than the down-milling tool of the 30 degrees helix angle. The feasibility of CO2-snow was comprehensively expressed and implemented in the milling process to extend the advanced analysis. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessCarbon emissionsCooling conditionsEnergy consumptionMachining characteristicsSustainabilityArticle28110.1016/j.jclepro.2020.1253742-s2.0-85097458389Q1WOS:000609018900017Q1