Hakan, DilipakMustafa, OzdemirMurat, Sarikaya2025-03-232025-03-2320131006-706X2210-3988https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(13)60178-8https://hdl.handle.net/11486/5975Bending process is one of the most significant fields of application of sheet metal die. Sheet metals are exposed to some spring-back or spring-forward depending on elastic deformation following bending process. S235JR (1. 0038) materials having a thickness of 4 mm were bent with 90 degrees punches having 5 different tip radiuses. The bending process was carried out by making the punch waited on the material for 30 s (30 s wait bending) and by removing the punch without waiting (direct bending). Specimens were prepared in three forms as non-heat-treated, normalized and tempered. At the same time, all experiments were performed at a deformation speed of 25 mm/min. As a result, it was determined that as punch tip radius increased, the amount of spring-forward decreased. Although normalizing process applied to specimens increased the amount of spring-forward, tempering process decreased it. The amount of spring-forward was decreased in 30 s wait bending process.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessspring-forwardV-die bendingmetal formingheat treatmentArticle2010646910.1016/S1006-706X(13)60178-82-s2.0-84884788370Q2WOS:000326143400011Q1